Clinicopathological Properties of Mesenchymal Tumors of the Stomach and Surgical Treatment Outcomes

Background: Mesenchymal tumors are part of a heterogeneous group of neoplasms. Objectives: The present study investigated the clinicopathological properties and surgical outcomes of patients with gastric mesenchymal tumors who underwent surgical treatment. Methods: This study included all cases who underwent surgical treatment for mesenchymal tumors in Başakşehir Çam and Sakura City Hospital, Turkey, between August 2020 and August 2022. The demographic data and clinical properties of the patients, operative details, postoperative assessments, pathological specifications of the tumor, and immunohistochemical analysis results were evaluated. Results: The study included 14 patients, 57% of whom were male. Patients had a mean age of 59.7±9.3 years. The most frequent American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score was ASA 2 in 10 (72%) patients, and the mean hemoglobin level was 12±1.9 g/dl. All patients underwent wedge resection, 5 (35.7%) by a minimally invasive method. The mean duration of operation was 98.9±29.4 min. There were no intraoperative complications, conversions, or postoperative mortalities, and the mean duration of hospital stay was 6.2±3.2 days. One patient made an unplanned re-admission to the hospital due to inadequate oral intake. As an adjuvant treatment, three patients were prescribed imatinib. The tumor location was most frequently the corpus in 5 (36%) patients, and the mean tumor diameter was 62±35.2 mm. Stromal tumors were the most common histological type in 10 (72%) patients, and the other histological types were leiomyoma in 3 (21%) and pancreatoblastoma in 1 (7%) patient. The median and maximum Ki-67 index were 3 and 80, respectively, and the median and maximum mitotic index were 3 and 18, respectively. The number of dissected lymph nodes was nine in one patient and five in another. The surgical margin was positive in one patient, and no patient had a perforated tumor. Conclusion: Among the different types of mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal system, which are rare, stromal tumors are the most common histological type. Gastric mesenchymal tumors can be safely treated with wedge resection, an approach that is associated with low postoperative morbidity and mortality.