The Effect of the Cutting Speed on the Surface Roughness When Ball-End Milling

Using freeform surfaces in advanced industries is becoming ubiquitous and widely applied in many fields such as the aerospace, automobile, consumer products as well as the die and mold industries. The ball-end mill is mainly used in machining such surfaces. However, the manufacture of this type of surface is still somewhat difficult when machining using a 3D ball-end milling machine. Due to changes in the surface inclination, the working diameter of the tool also changes. Variations in the working diameter leads to an unstable cutting speed, affecting the roughness homogeneity of the smoothed surface. This article discusses the effect of changing the cutting speed on the surface roughness in the case of concave and convex surfaces.