与挪威亚北极河流中入侵的鱼类寄生虫作斗争——长话短说?

IF 1.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION
P. Adolfsen, Helge Bardal, Svein Aune
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引用次数: 5

摘要

引进的单基因Gyrodactylus salaris (Malmberg, 1957)被列为对挪威大西洋鲑鱼(Salmo salar Linnaeus, 1758)最严重的威胁之一,几乎消灭了挪威北部Skibotn河和Signaldalen河的鲑鱼种群。这种寄生虫是在1976年通过从瑞典释放受感染的大西洋鲑鱼幼崽无意中引入斯基博特河的。这种寄生虫局限于淡水中,在没有宿主的情况下最多只能存活几天。因此,根除受感染河流系统中的所有宿主一直是消除寄生虫的首选策略。在1988年和1995年两次失败的根除尝试后,寄生虫进一步传播到邻近的河流。这一事件,加上挪威在20世纪90年代进行的其他几次失败的鱼藤酮治疗,导致了对全国消灭鱼藤酮战略的严厉批评。尽管如此,根除计划仍在继续,并对失败的根除尝试进行了分析,以寻求可能的改进。北极鲑(Salvelinus alpinus, Linnaeus, 1758)已被证明是寄生虫的潜在长期宿主,在skiboton河的前两次根除尝试中,被侵染的鲑在小型地下水支流和池塘中存活下来。污染控制部门设定的鱼藤酮允许浓度限值过低也可能是造成事故的原因之一。2015年和2016年,第三次尝试从Skibotnelva河消灭这种寄生虫,使用了关于这种寄生虫及其宿主的新知识,采用了新的策略来绘制和处理地下水入侵造成的稀释,并正式接受了鱼藤酮浓度增加的事实。与以前的根除尝试相比,连续两年的治疗是主要的战略改进。水样显示,在处理期间,所有采样点的鱼藤酮浓度都足够。在收集第一年处理后所有可能存活的鱼并对其进行撒拉氏弧菌筛选后发现,第二年处理时没有存活的寄生虫。全国根除棘球绦虫运动包括一项确认根除的监测规划。迄今为止,Skibotn地区的结果是积极的,但最早要到2021年才能发布根除确认。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Fighting an invasive fish parasite in subarctic Norwegian rivers – The end of a long story?
The introduced monogenean Gyrodactylus salaris (Malmberg, 1957) is categorized as one of the most severe threats against Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar Linnaeus, 1758) in Norway and has almost eradicated salmon populations in the Skibotn and Signaldalen Rivers in northern Norway. The parasite was unintentionally introduced to the Skibotn River in 1976 via release of infested Atlantic salmon smolt from Sweden. The parasite is restricted to freshwater, and survives at most a few days without its host. Therefore, eradication of all hosts in the infected river systems has been the preferred strategy to eliminate the parasite. After two failed eradication attempts in 1988 and 1995, the parasite spread further to neighbouring rivers. This, along with several other failed rotenone treatments in Norway in the 1990s, resulted in severe criticism of the national eradication strategy for G. salaris . Still, the eradication program continued, and the failed eradication attempts were analysed for possible improvements. Arctic char ( Salvelinus alpinus, Linnaeus, 1758) has proved to be a potential long-term host for the parasite and infested char were documented to have survived in small, groundwater-fed tributaries and ponds during the first two eradication attempts in the Skibotn River. Low limits on allowed rotenone concentrations set by the pollution control authorities might also have contributed to the failures. A third attempt at eradicating the parasite from River Skibotnelva was made in 2015 and 2016, using new knowledge about the parasite and its hosts, renewed strategies to map and deal with dilution from groundwater intrusion and an official acceptance of increased concentrations of rotenone. Treatments for two consecutive years was the main strategy improvement from previous eradication attempts. Water samples showed sufficient levels of rotenone concentrations at all sample points during the treatment periods. Significant efforts in collecting all possible surviving fish from the first-year treatment and screening them for G. salaris revealed no surviving parasites at the time of the second-year treatment. The national G. salaris eradication campaign includes a surveillance programme for eradication confirmation. The results so far are positive for the Skibotn Region, but the earliest an eradication confirmation can be issued earliest is 2021.
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来源期刊
Management of Biological Invasions
Management of Biological Invasions Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
CiteScore
3.40
自引率
6.70%
发文量
21
审稿时长
16 weeks
期刊介绍: Management of Biological Invasions, established in 2010 by Dr. Elias Dana, is an open access, peer-reviewed international journal focusing on applied research in biological invasions in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems from around the world. This journal is devoted to bridging the gap between scientific research and the use of science in decision-making, regulation and management in the area of invasive species introduction and biodiversity conservation. Managing biological invasions is a crisis science, with Management of Biological Invasions aiming to provide insights to the issues, to document new forms of detection, measurements and analysis, and to document tangible solutions to this problem. In addition to original research on applied issues, Management of Biological Invasions publishes technical reports on new management technologies of invasive species and also the proceedings of relevant international meetings. As a platform to encourage informed discussion on matters of national and international importance, we publish viewpoint papers that highlight emerging issues, showcase initiatives, and present opinions of leading researchers.
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