科拉半岛希比尼-洛沃泽罗山丘陵地带植被分类

Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

Rastitel''nost'' Rossii Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI:10.31111/vegrus/2023.46.63

A. Danilova, N. Koroleva, A. Novakovskiy

{"title":"科拉半岛希比尼-洛沃泽罗山丘陵地带植被分类","authors":"A. Danilova, N. Koroleva, A. Novakovskiy","doi":"10.31111/vegrus/2023.46.63","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"The fjell field belt is located in mountains of temperate, boreal and arctic zones above the belts with closed vegetation. The environment of the fjell fields is formed due to severe microclimate and short growing season, thin soil layer and snow-free conditions in winter (Tolmachev, 1948). The main feature of fjell field landscape is the sparse plant cover dominated by mosses and lichens. The vegetation of fjell fields is still poorly investigated: some geobotanical relevés are available for Scandinavian Mountains (Nordhagen, 1928, 1943; Gjaerevoll, 1950, 1956), West Greenland (Sieg, Daniëls, 2005; Sieg et al., 2006, 2009; Sieg, Drees, 2007), Spitsbergen (Hadač, 1946, 1989; Eurola, 1968; Möller, 2000), and Putorana Plateau (Matveyeva, 2002). The Khibiny and Lovozero Mountains rise up to 1200 m. The vegetation of higher elevations from 840 to 1200 m was classified according to Braun-Blanquet approach in 2013–2021. Based on 90 relevés, 8 associations (5 as new ones), 2 variants and 1 community type were described (Tables 1–8) which belong to 6 alliances, 6 orders, and 6 classes. To arrange the syntaxa described in Khibiny and Lovozero Mountains in higher classification units correctly, we used the first descriptions of alliances in Fennoscandia (62 relevés) and published data of sparse vegetation in fjell fields in Spitsbergen (57 relevés). Among the Spitsbergen data there are 17 relevés of the ass. Sphaerophoro–Racomietum lanuginosi (Hadač 1946) Hofmann 1968 (Hadač, 1989: 159, Table 16; Möller, 2000: 103, Table 30), 19 relevés of the ass. Anthelio–Luzuletum arcuatae Nordh. 1928 (Möller, 2000: 100, Table 29), 21 relevés of vegetation of the fjell fields, not attributed by the author to any syntaxon (Eurola, 1968: 16, 22). Fennoscandian data (62 relevés) include 15 relevés of the ass. Oxyrietum digynae Gjaerevoll 1950 of the Saxifrago stellaris–Oxyrion digynae Gjaerevoll 1950 (Gjaerevoll, 1950: 405, Table VI, rel. 1–15), 10 relevés of the ass. Oppositifolietum (Saxifragetum opposifoliae Gjaerevoll 1950) of the Saxifrago oppositifoliae–Oxyrion digynae Gjaerevoll 1950 (Gjaerevoll, 1950: 422–425, Table XIV, rel. 1–10), 10 relevés of Diapensia–Loiseleuria–Empetrum-Soz. (ass. Loiseleurio-Diapensietum Nordh. 1943) of the alliance Loiseleurio-Arctostaphylion Kalliola ex Nordh. 1943 (Kalliola, 1939: 175–179, Table 26, rel. 1–10), 12 relevés of Anthelia–Cesia reiche–Luzula arcuata-Ass. (ass. Anthelio–Luzuletum arcuatae Nordh. 1928) (Nordhagen, 1928: 311, Table, rel. 1–12), 15 relevés of the ass. Salicetum herbaceae borealis (Cassiopo–Salicion herbaceae) (Nordhagen, 1928: 266–267, Table 42, rel. 1–15). In total 209 relevés were analyzed with use the ExStatR program (Novakovskiy, 2016) based on the Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMS), the Sjørensen-Chekanovsky coefficient was used as a measure of similarity/distance. Plant communities of the class Thlaspietea rotundifolii Br.-Bl. et al. 1947, the alliance Luzulion arcuatae Elvebakk 1985 ex Danilova et Koroleva 2022 are most widely distributed in fjell fields in Khibiny and Lovozero Mountains. The alliance was proposed as provisional in Spitsbergen (Elvebakk, 1985). Here we validate the alliance and propose the ass. Saxifrago oppositifoliae–Flavocerarietum nivalis ass. nov. hoc loco as a neotypus (this paper, Table 2, type relevé (neotypus) of association rel. 5 (2D/20)). The alliance Luzulion arcuatae in Khibiny and Lovozero Mountains includes sparse cover stands dominated by lichens and Racomitrium lanuginosum. It is different from snowbed vegetation (Salicetea herbaceae Br.-Bl. 1948) due to the high number of chionophobous lichens, and from lichen–dwarf shrub communities of the alliance Loiseleurio-Arctostaphylion due to the absence or low number of its diagnostic species (Arctous alpina, Diapensia lapponica, Loiseleuria procumbens). Its communities occur in fjell fields in Spitsbergen, Scandinavian Mountains and in Khibiny and Lovozero Mountains, where two below association were described. Ass. Saxifrago oppositifoliae–Flavocetrarietum nivalis ass. nov. (Fig. 2, Table 2 and 8), nomenclature type (holotypus) — rel. 5 (2D/20); 67.6081° N, 33.7783° E, 08.07.2020; 1010 m. Diagnostic species: Alectoria ochroleuca (d), Flavocetraria nivalis (d), F. cucullata, Racomitrium lanuginosum (d), Saxifraga oppositifolia. Two variants are described — typica (Table 2, rel. 1–9) and Carex bigelowii (Table 2, rel. 10–16). Ass. Сetrariello delisei–Racomitrietum lanuginosi ass. nov. (Table 3 and 8), nomenclature type (holotypus) — rel. 2 (83a/19); 67.6116° N, 33.7610°E; 1010 m. Diagnostic species: Cetraria ericetorum, Pseudephebe pubescens, Racomitrium lanuginosum (д), Rhizocarpon geographicum, Umbilicaria cylindrica, U. hyperborea, U. proboscidea. Class Salicetea herbaceae (the alliance Cassiopo–Salicion herbaceae) includes two associations, which are very similar with associations of the alliance Luzulion arcuatae. Ass. Anthelio–Luzuletum arcuatae Nordh. 1928 (Fig. 3, Table 4 and 8). Diagnostic species: Anthelia juratzkana, Harrimanella hypnoides, Gymnomitrion concinnatum (d), G. corallioides, Marsupella apiculata, Micarea incrassata, Ochrolechia frigida, Pseudolophozia sudetica. Аss. Cetrariello delisei–Harrimanelletum hypnoidis ass. nov. (Table 5 and 8), nomenclature type (holotypus) — rel. 2 (11/14), 67.6644° N, 33.5433° E, 1000 m. Diagnostic species: Andreaea rupestris, Carex bigelowii, Cetrariella delisei, Gymnomitrion concinnatum, Harrimanella hypnoides, Huperzia arctica, Hymenoloma crispulum, Marsupella apiculata. Cryptogamic vegetation in fjell fields is classified into two classes: Rhizocarpetea geographici Wirth 1972 (the alliance Rhizocarpion alpicolae Frey ex Klement 1955) and Racomitrietea heterostichi Neumayr 1971 (the alliance Andreaeion petrophilae Smarda 1944). In the first class, the community type Rhizocarpon geographicum includes combination of epilithic lichen synusia (Rhizocarpon geographicum, Umbilicaria cylindrica, U. hyperborea, U. proboscidea, Pseudephebe pubescens, P. minuscula, Stereocaulon vesuvianum). Within the class Racomitrietea heterostichi Neumayr 1971 ass. Andreaeo rupestris–Racomitrietum microcarpi ass. nov. (Fig. 1, Table 1 and 8) is described. Nomenclature type (holotypus) — rel. 6 (83d/19); 67.6116° N, 33.7610° E, 1000 m. Diagnostic species: Andreaea rupestris, Bucklandiella microcarpa (d). Class Loiseleurio procumbentis–Vaccinietea (the alliance Loiseleurio-Arctostaphylion) includes two associations. Ass. Racomitrio lanuginosi–Dryadetum octopetalae Telyatnikov 2010 (Table 6 and 8). Diagnostic species: Antennaria dioica, Dryas octopetala, Festuсa ovina, Vaccinium vitis-idaea subsp. minus. Ass. Flavocetrario nivalis–Caricetum bigelowii ass. nov. (Fig. 5, Table 7 and 8), nomenclature type (holotypus) — rel. 5 (15b/14), 67.7403° N, 34.7260° E, 900 m. Diagnostic species: Carex bigelowii, Juncus trifidus, Salix polaris, Sphenolobus minutus. There are no conditions for mires in Khibiny and Lovozero Mountains. The only minerotrophic mire described in the narrow damp hollow belongs to the ass. Drepanoclado–Ranunculetum hyperborei Hadač 1989, the class Scheuchzerio palustris–Caricetea fuscae Tx. 1937, the alliance Drepanocladion exannulati Krajina 1933. Diagnostic species: Ranunculus hyperboreus, Warnstorfia exannulata, W. sarmentosa. There are 70 species in vascular plant flora of fjell fields. The ratio of biogeographic elements (Koroleva et al., 2021) is as follows: arctic fraction — 63 %, hypoarctic one — 23 %, boreal one — 4 % and polyzonal one — 10 %, that corresponds to the flora of the arctic type. The ordination shows syntaxonomical continuum due to the absence of boundaries between associations (Fig. 5, 6). The main variation of vegetation is associated with species richness, which is connected with snow cover thickness and duration of the growing season. Community proximity of the alliance Luzulion arcuatae in the Kola Peninsula and Spitsbergen is confirmed on the ordination diagram (Fig. 6), as well as the isolated position of this alliance from Saxifrago stellaris–Oxyrion digynae, and Saxifrago oppositifoliae–Oxyrion digynae. The alliance Luzulion arcuatae is not a synonym of Saxifrago stellaris–Oxyrion digynae. The proximity of Luzulion arcuatae and Loiseleurio-Arctostaphylion is due to synusiae of lichens (Alectoria nigricans, A. ochroleuca, Flavocetraria cucullata, F. nivalis, and Thamnolia vermicularis) dominated in communities of both alliances. The proximityity of Luzulion arcuatae and Cassiopo–Salicion herbaceae is due to the dominance of liverwort (Gymnomitrion concinnatum, Marsupella apiculata, Pseudolophozia sudetica, etc.) synusiae and moss Harrimanella hypnoides.","PeriodicalId":37606,"journal":{"name":"Rastitel''nost'' Rossii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"The syntaxonomy of vegetation of the fjell field belt in Khibiny and Lovozero mountains (Kola Peninsula)\",\"authors\":\"A. Danilova, N. Koroleva, A. Novakovskiy\",\"doi\":\"10.31111/vegrus/2023.46.63\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"The fjell field belt is located in mountains of temperate, boreal and arctic zones above the belts with closed vegetation. The environment of the fjell fields is formed due to severe microclimate and short growing season, thin soil layer and snow-free conditions in winter (Tolmachev, 1948). The main feature of fjell field landscape is the sparse plant cover dominated by mosses and lichens. The vegetation of fjell fields is still poorly investigated: some geobotanical relevés are available for Scandinavian Mountains (Nordhagen, 1928, 1943; Gjaerevoll, 1950, 1956), West Greenland (Sieg, Daniëls, 2005; Sieg et al., 2006, 2009; Sieg, Drees, 2007), Spitsbergen (Hadač, 1946, 1989; Eurola, 1968; Möller, 2000), and Putorana Plateau (Matveyeva, 2002). The Khibiny and Lovozero Mountains rise up to 1200 m. The vegetation of higher elevations from 840 to 1200 m was classified according to Braun-Blanquet approach in 2013–2021. Based on 90 relevés, 8 associations (5 as new ones), 2 variants and 1 community type were described (Tables 1–8) which belong to 6 alliances, 6 orders, and 6 classes. To arrange the syntaxa described in Khibiny and Lovozero Mountains in higher classification units correctly, we used the first descriptions of alliances in Fennoscandia (62 relevés) and published data of sparse vegetation in fjell fields in Spitsbergen (57 relevés). Among the Spitsbergen data there are 17 relevés of the ass. Sphaerophoro–Racomietum lanuginosi (Hadač 1946) Hofmann 1968 (Hadač, 1989: 159, Table 16; Möller, 2000: 103, Table 30), 19 relevés of the ass. Anthelio–Luzuletum arcuatae Nordh. 1928 (Möller, 2000: 100, Table 29), 21 relevés of vegetation of the fjell fields, not attributed by the author to any syntaxon (Eurola, 1968: 16, 22). Fennoscandian data (62 relevés) include 15 relevés of the ass. Oxyrietum digynae Gjaerevoll 1950 of the Saxifrago stellaris–Oxyrion digynae Gjaerevoll 1950 (Gjaerevoll, 1950: 405, Table VI, rel. 1–15), 10 relevés of the ass. Oppositifolietum (Saxifragetum opposifoliae Gjaerevoll 1950) of the Saxifrago oppositifoliae–Oxyrion digynae Gjaerevoll 1950 (Gjaerevoll, 1950: 422–425, Table XIV, rel. 1–10), 10 relevés of Diapensia–Loiseleuria–Empetrum-Soz. (ass. Loiseleurio-Diapensietum Nordh. 1943) of the alliance Loiseleurio-Arctostaphylion Kalliola ex Nordh. 1943 (Kalliola, 1939: 175–179, Table 26, rel. 1–10), 12 relevés of Anthelia–Cesia reiche–Luzula arcuata-Ass. (ass. Anthelio–Luzuletum arcuatae Nordh. 1928) (Nordhagen, 1928: 311, Table, rel. 1–12), 15 relevés of the ass. Salicetum herbaceae borealis (Cassiopo–Salicion herbaceae) (Nordhagen, 1928: 266–267, Table 42, rel. 1–15). In total 209 relevés were analyzed with use the ExStatR program (Novakovskiy, 2016) based on the Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMS), the Sjørensen-Chekanovsky coefficient was used as a measure of similarity/distance. Plant communities of the class Thlaspietea rotundifolii Br.-Bl. et al. 1947, the alliance Luzulion arcuatae Elvebakk 1985 ex Danilova et Koroleva 2022 are most widely distributed in fjell fields in Khibiny and Lovozero Mountains. The alliance was proposed as provisional in Spitsbergen (Elvebakk, 1985). Here we validate the alliance and propose the ass. Saxifrago oppositifoliae–Flavocerarietum nivalis ass. nov. hoc loco as a neotypus (this paper, Table 2, type relevé (neotypus) of association rel. 5 (2D/20)). The alliance Luzulion arcuatae in Khibiny and Lovozero Mountains includes sparse cover stands dominated by lichens and Racomitrium lanuginosum. It is different from snowbed vegetation (Salicetea herbaceae Br.-Bl. 1948) due to the high number of chionophobous lichens, and from lichen–dwarf shrub communities of the alliance Loiseleurio-Arctostaphylion due to the absence or low number of its diagnostic species (Arctous alpina, Diapensia lapponica, Loiseleuria procumbens). Its communities occur in fjell fields in Spitsbergen, Scandinavian Mountains and in Khibiny and Lovozero Mountains, where two below association were described. Ass. Saxifrago oppositifoliae–Flavocetrarietum nivalis ass. nov. (Fig. 2, Table 2 and 8), nomenclature type (holotypus) — rel. 5 (2D/20); 67.6081° N, 33.7783° E, 08.07.2020; 1010 m. Diagnostic species: Alectoria ochroleuca (d), Flavocetraria nivalis (d), F. cucullata, Racomitrium lanuginosum (d), Saxifraga oppositifolia. Two variants are described — typica (Table 2, rel. 1–9) and Carex bigelowii (Table 2, rel. 10–16). Ass. Сetrariello delisei–Racomitrietum lanuginosi ass. nov. (Table 3 and 8), nomenclature type (holotypus) — rel. 2 (83a/19); 67.6116° N, 33.7610°E; 1010 m. Diagnostic species: Cetraria ericetorum, Pseudephebe pubescens, Racomitrium lanuginosum (д), Rhizocarpon geographicum, Umbilicaria cylindrica, U. hyperborea, U. proboscidea. Class Salicetea herbaceae (the alliance Cassiopo–Salicion herbaceae) includes two associations, which are very similar with associations of the alliance Luzulion arcuatae. Ass. Anthelio–Luzuletum arcuatae Nordh. 1928 (Fig. 3, Table 4 and 8). Diagnostic species: Anthelia juratzkana, Harrimanella hypnoides, Gymnomitrion concinnatum (d), G. corallioides, Marsupella apiculata, Micarea incrassata, Ochrolechia frigida, Pseudolophozia sudetica. Аss. Cetrariello delisei–Harrimanelletum hypnoidis ass. nov. (Table 5 and 8), nomenclature type (holotypus) — rel. 2 (11/14), 67.6644° N, 33.5433° E, 1000 m. Diagnostic species: Andreaea rupestris, Carex bigelowii, Cetrariella delisei, Gymnomitrion concinnatum, Harrimanella hypnoides, Huperzia arctica, Hymenoloma crispulum, Marsupella apiculata. Cryptogamic vegetation in fjell fields is classified into two classes: Rhizocarpetea geographici Wirth 1972 (the alliance Rhizocarpion alpicolae Frey ex Klement 1955) and Racomitrietea heterostichi Neumayr 1971 (the alliance Andreaeion petrophilae Smarda 1944). In the first class, the community type Rhizocarpon geographicum includes combination of epilithic lichen synusia (Rhizocarpon geographicum, Umbilicaria cylindrica, U. hyperborea, U. proboscidea, Pseudephebe pubescens, P. minuscula, Stereocaulon vesuvianum). Within the class Racomitrietea heterostichi Neumayr 1971 ass. Andreaeo rupestris–Racomitrietum microcarpi ass. nov. (Fig. 1, Table 1 and 8) is described. Nomenclature type (holotypus) — rel. 6 (83d/19); 67.6116° N, 33.7610° E, 1000 m. Diagnostic species: Andreaea rupestris, Bucklandiella microcarpa (d). Class Loiseleurio procumbentis–Vaccinietea (the alliance Loiseleurio-Arctostaphylion) includes two associations. Ass. Racomitrio lanuginosi–Dryadetum octopetalae Telyatnikov 2010 (Table 6 and 8). Diagnostic species: Antennaria dioica, Dryas octopetala, Festuсa ovina, Vaccinium vitis-idaea subsp. minus. Ass. Flavocetrario nivalis–Caricetum bigelowii ass. nov. (Fig. 5, Table 7 and 8), nomenclature type (holotypus) — rel. 5 (15b/14), 67.7403° N, 34.7260° E, 900 m. Diagnostic species: Carex bigelowii, Juncus trifidus, Salix polaris, Sphenolobus minutus. There are no conditions for mires in Khibiny and Lovozero Mountains. The only minerotrophic mire described in the narrow damp hollow belongs to the ass. Drepanoclado–Ranunculetum hyperborei Hadač 1989, the class Scheuchzerio palustris–Caricetea fuscae Tx. 1937, the alliance Drepanocladion exannulati Krajina 1933. Diagnostic species: Ranunculus hyperboreus, Warnstorfia exannulata, W. sarmentosa. There are 70 species in vascular plant flora of fjell fields. The ratio of biogeographic elements (Koroleva et al., 2021) is as follows: arctic fraction — 63 %, hypoarctic one — 23 %, boreal one — 4 % and polyzonal one — 10 %, that corresponds to the flora of the arctic type. The ordination shows syntaxonomical continuum due to the absence of boundaries between associations (Fig. 5, 6). The main variation of vegetation is associated with species richness, which is connected with snow cover thickness and duration of the growing season. Community proximity of the alliance Luzulion arcuatae in the Kola Peninsula and Spitsbergen is confirmed on the ordination diagram (Fig. 6), as well as the isolated position of this alliance from Saxifrago stellaris–Oxyrion digynae, and Saxifrago oppositifoliae–Oxyrion digynae. The alliance Luzulion arcuatae is not a synonym of Saxifrago stellaris–Oxyrion digynae. The proximity of Luzulion arcuatae and Loiseleurio-Arctostaphylion is due to synusiae of lichens (Alectoria nigricans, A. ochroleuca, Flavocetraria cucullata, F. nivalis, and Thamnolia vermicularis) dominated in communities of both alliances. The proximityity of Luzulion arcuatae and Cassiopo–Salicion herbaceae is due to the dominance of liverwort (Gymnomitrion concinnatum, Marsupella apiculata, Pseudolophozia sudetica, etc.) synusiae and moss Harrimanella hypnoides.\",\"PeriodicalId\":37606,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Rastitel''nost'' Rossii\",\"volume\":\"1 1\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-01-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Rastitel''nost'' Rossii\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.31111/vegrus/2023.46.63\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q4\",\"JCRName\":\"Agricultural and Biological Sciences\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Rastitel''nost'' Rossii","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.31111/vegrus/2023.46.63","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","Score":null,"Total":0}

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摘要

丘陵地带位于温带、寒带和北极地区的山地地带，植被封闭。由于小气候恶劣，生长季节短，土层薄，冬季无雪，形成了丘陵地的环境(Tolmachev, 1948)。湿地景观的主要特征是以苔藓和地衣为主的稀疏植被覆盖。菲尔田野的植被调查仍然很差:斯堪的纳维亚山脉有一些与地学有关的资料(诺德哈根，1928年，1943年;Gjaerevoll, 1950, 1956)，西格陵兰(Sieg, Daniëls, 2005;Sieg et al.， 2006, 2009;Sieg, Drees, 2007)，斯匹次卑尔根(hadasei, 1946, 1989;Eurola, 1968;Möller, 2000)和Putorana Plateau (Matveyeva, 2002)。希比尼山和洛沃泽罗山海拔高达1200米。2013-2021年，采用Braun-Blanquet方法对840 ~ 1200 m高海拔植被进行分类。基于90个相关的数据，共描述了8个关联(5个为新关联)、2个变异和1个群落类型(表1 - 8)，隶属于6个联盟、6个目、6个类。为了将Khibiny和Lovozero山所描述的句法群正确地排列在更高的分类单元中，我们使用了Fennoscandia的第一个联盟描述(62个相关的<s:1> <s:1>)和Spitsbergen的fjell田野的稀疏植被数据(57个相关的)。在斯匹次卑尔根岛的数据中，有17个与鱼类有关的数据。Sphaerophoro-Racomietum lanuginosi (hadasei, 1946) Hofmann 1968 (hadasei, 1989: 159，表16;Möller, 2000: 103，表30)，19个有关北美ananthelio - luzuletum arcuatae, 1928 (Möller, 2000: 100，表29)，21个有关沼泽地植被的资料，作者未将其归为任何分类(Eurola, 1968: 16, 22)。Fennoscandian的62个相关的数据包括15个相关的saifrago stellaris的Oxyrie-tum digynae Gjaerevoll 1950 - oxyrion digynae Gjaerevoll 1950 (Gjaerevoll, 1950: 405，表VI, rel. 1-15)， 10个相关的saifrago对生叶- oxyrion digynae Gjaerevoll 1950 (Gjaerevoll, 1950: 422-425，表XIV, rel. 1-10)， 10个相关的diapenia - loiseleuria - empetrum - soz。(ass. loi - seleurio- diapensitum Nordh. 1943)， (Kalliola, 1939: 175-179, Table 26, rel. 1-10)， Anthelia-Cesia reiche-Luzula arcua-ta-Ass的12个相关变种。(a . Anthelio-Luzuletum arcuatae north . 1928) (Nordhagen, 1928: 311, Table, rel. 1-12)， 15 . Salicetum herbaceae borealis (Cassiopo-Salicion herbacae) (Nordhagen, 1928: 266-267, Table 42, rel. 1-15)。使用基于非度量多维尺度(NMS)的ExStatR程序(Novakovskiy, 2016)分析了总共209个相关的<s:1>个体数据，使用Sjørensen-Chekanovsky系数作为相似性/距离的度量。标题圆叶蓟亚纲植物群落研究。Luzulion arcuatae Elvebakk 1985 ex Danilova et Koroleva 2022最广泛分布在Khibiny和Lovozero山脉的丘陵地区。该联盟在斯匹次卑尔根被提议为临时联盟(Elvebakk, 1985)。在这里，我们验证了这一联盟，并提出了saifrago opposiveae - flavocerarietum nivalis ass. nov. hoc loco作为一个新类型(本文，表2，关联rel. 5 (2D/20)的类型相关(neotypus))。Khibiny和Lovozero山脉的Luzulion arcuatae联盟包括以地衣和骆马(Racomitrium lanuginosum)为主的稀疏覆盖林。它不同于雪床植被(Salicetea herbaceae Br.-Bl)。(1948年)由于大量的恐风地衣，以及由于其诊断种(Arctous alpina, Diapensia lapponica, Loiseleuria procumbens)的缺失或数量少，来自Loiseleuria -矮灌木群落的Loi-seleurio-Arctostaphylion)。它的群落出现在斯匹次卑尔根、斯堪的纳维亚山脉和希比尼和洛沃泽罗山脉的丘陵地带，在那里描述了以下两种关联。saifrago opposite foliae - flavoctraria - tum nivalis ass.11 .(图2，表2和8)，命名类型(holotypus) - rel. 5 (2D/20);67.6081°n, 33.7783°e, 08.07.2020;1010米。诊断种:白菖蒲(d)、黄菖蒲(d)、cucullata、Racomitrium lanuginosum (d)、saifraga对叶。描述了两种变体-异食癖(表2，第1-9节)和异食癖(表2，第10-16节)。Сetrariello delisei-Racomitrietum luginosi ass. nov(表3和8)，命名类型(holotypus) - rel. 2 (83a/19);67.6116°n, 33.7610°e;1010米。诊断种:白脐草、短毛假脐草、黄脐草、根茎草、白柱脐草、大叶脐草、长叶脐草。水杨总纲(水杨总纲-水杨总纲)包括两个总纲，它们与弓形水杨总纲的总纲非常相似。北凤仙花，1928年(图) 3、表4和表8).诊断种:juratzkana Anthelia、Harrimanella hypnoides、Gymnomitrion concinnatum (d)、G. corallioides、apicsupella apiculata、Micarea inassata、ocholechia frigida、pseudolophoztica。А党卫军。(表5和8)，命名类型(全型)- 2(11/14)，67.6644°N, 33.5433°E, 1000 m。诊断种:红腹凤梨花、大叶凤梨花、deliscetrariella、Gymnomitrion concinnatum、Harrimanella hypnoides、Huperzia北极花、Hymenoloma crispulum、apiculata。湿地隐生植被分为两类:Rhizocarpetea geographici wwith 1972 (the alliance Rhizocarpion alpicolae Frey ex Klement 1955)和Racomitrietea heterostichi Neumayr 1971 (the alliance Andreaeion petrophilae Smarda 1944)。在第一类中，地理根霉的群落类型包括附生地衣组合(根霉、白茅、长叶、长叶、短毛、细叶、维苏维绿)。在Racomitrietea heterostichi Neumayr 1971类中，描述了Andreaeo rupestris-Racomitrietum microcarpi ass. 11(图1，表1和表8)。命名类型(holotypus) . rel. 6 (83 /19);北纬67.6116°，东经33.7610°，海拔1000米诊断种:红褐蝽属(Andreaea rupestris, Bucklandiella microcarpa, d)。蓝褐蝽属(Loiseleurio procumbentis-Vaccinietea)(蓝褐蝽属(Loiseleurio- arctostaphylion)联盟)包括两个亲缘种。诊断种:天线虫、八爪树虫、羊齿树虫、葡萄树螨亚种。-。黄叶蕨-大叶蕨(图5，表7和表8)，命名类型(holotypus) - rel. 5 (15b/14)，北纬67.7403°，东经34.7260°，海拔900米。诊断种:毛苔、三花柳、凤尾柳、凤蝶。希比尼山和洛沃泽洛山没有挖矿的条件。在狭窄潮湿的洼地中描述的唯一的矿化沼泽属于hadasi 1989 . drepanoclado - ranunculletum hyperborei, Scheuchzerio palustris-Caricetea fuscae Tx. 1937, Drepanocladion exannulati Krajina 1933。诊断种:毛茛、毛茛、毛茛。湿地维管植物区系共有70种。生物地理要素的比例(Koroleva et al.， 2021)如下:北极部分- 63%，亚北极部分- 23%，北方部分- 4%，多地带部分- 10%，对应于北极型植物区系。由于组合之间没有边界，排序呈现出一种分类学连续性(图5、6)。植被的主要变化与物种丰富度有关，而物种丰富度又与生长季节的积雪厚度和持续时间有关。在排序图(图6)上证实了Luzulion arcuatae在科拉半岛和斯匹次卑尔根的群落接近性，以及该联盟与Saxifrago stellaris-Oxyrion digynae和Saxifrago oppositifoliae-Oxyrion digynae的孤立位置。弓形翼龙并不是星虎翼龙的同义词。在这两个联盟的群落中，以地衣(Alectoria nigricans、A. ochroleuca、Flavocetraria cucullata、F. nivalis和Thamnolia vermicularis)为主的地衣联系物占据优势。由于苔类(Gymnomitrion concinnatum, apiculata, Pseudolophozia sudetica等)和苔藓类(Harrimanella hypnoides)的优势，导致了Luzulion arcuatae和Cassiopo-Salicion herbacae的接近性。

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The syntaxonomy of vegetation of the fjell field belt in Khibiny and Lovozero mountains (Kola Peninsula)

The fjell field belt is located in mountains of temperate, boreal and arctic zones above the belts with closed vegetation. The environment of the fjell fields is formed due to severe microclimate and short growing season, thin soil layer and snow-free conditions in winter (Tolmachev, 1948). The main feature of fjell field landscape is the sparse plant cover dominated by mosses and lichens. The vegetation of fjell fields is still poorly investigated: some geobotanical relevés are available for Scandinavian Mountains (Nordhagen, 1928, 1943; Gjaerevoll, 1950, 1956), West Greenland (Sieg, Daniëls, 2005; Sieg et al., 2006, 2009; Sieg, Drees, 2007), Spitsbergen (Hadač, 1946, 1989; Eurola, 1968; Möller, 2000), and Putorana Plateau (Matveyeva, 2002). The Khibiny and Lovozero Mountains rise up to 1200 m. The vegetation of higher elevations from 840 to 1200 m was classified according to Braun-Blanquet approach in 2013–2021. Based on 90 relevés, 8 associations (5 as new ones), 2 variants and 1 community type were described (Tables 1–8) which belong to 6 alliances, 6 orders, and 6 classes. To arrange the syntaxa described in Khibiny and Lovozero Mountains in higher classification units correctly, we used the first descriptions of alliances in Fennoscandia (62 relevés) and published data of sparse vegetation in fjell fields in Spitsbergen (57 relevés). Among the Spitsbergen data there are 17 relevés of the ass. Sphaerophoro–Racomietum lanuginosi (Hadač 1946) Hofmann 1968 (Hadač, 1989: 159, Table 16; Möller, 2000: 103, Table 30), 19 relevés of the ass. Anthelio–Luzuletum arcuatae Nordh. 1928 (Möller, 2000: 100, Table 29), 21 relevés of vegetation of the fjell fields, not attributed by the author to any syntaxon (Eurola, 1968: 16, 22). Fennoscandian data (62 relevés) include 15 relevés of the ass. Oxyrietum digynae Gjaerevoll 1950 of the Saxifrago stellaris–Oxyrion digynae Gjaerevoll 1950 (Gjaerevoll, 1950: 405, Table VI, rel. 1–15), 10 relevés of the ass. Oppositifolietum (Saxifragetum opposifoliae Gjaerevoll 1950) of the Saxifrago oppositifoliae–Oxyrion digynae Gjaerevoll 1950 (Gjaerevoll, 1950: 422–425, Table XIV, rel. 1–10), 10 relevés of Diapensia–Loiseleuria–Empetrum-Soz. (ass. Loiseleurio-Diapensietum Nordh. 1943) of the alliance Loiseleurio-Arctostaphylion Kalliola ex Nordh. 1943 (Kalliola, 1939: 175–179, Table 26, rel. 1–10), 12 relevés of Anthelia–Cesia reiche–Luzula arcuata-Ass. (ass. Anthelio–Luzuletum arcuatae Nordh. 1928) (Nordhagen, 1928: 311, Table, rel. 1–12), 15 relevés of the ass. Salicetum herbaceae borealis (Cassiopo–Salicion herbaceae) (Nordhagen, 1928: 266–267, Table 42, rel. 1–15). In total 209 relevés were analyzed with use the ExStatR program (Novakovskiy, 2016) based on the Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMS), the Sjørensen-Chekanovsky coefficient was used as a measure of similarity/distance. Plant communities of the class Thlaspietea rotundifolii Br.-Bl. et al. 1947, the alliance Luzulion arcuatae Elvebakk 1985 ex Danilova et Koroleva 2022 are most widely distributed in fjell fields in Khibiny and Lovozero Mountains. The alliance was proposed as provisional in Spitsbergen (Elvebakk, 1985). Here we validate the alliance and propose the ass. Saxifrago oppositifoliae–Flavocerarietum nivalis ass. nov. hoc loco as a neotypus (this paper, Table 2, type relevé (neotypus) of association rel. 5 (2D/20)). The alliance Luzulion arcuatae in Khibiny and Lovozero Mountains includes sparse cover stands dominated by lichens and Racomitrium lanuginosum. It is different from snowbed vegetation (Salicetea herbaceae Br.-Bl. 1948) due to the high number of chionophobous lichens, and from lichen–dwarf shrub communities of the alliance Loiseleurio-Arctostaphylion due to the absence or low number of its diagnostic species (Arctous alpina, Diapensia lapponica, Loiseleuria procumbens). Its communities occur in fjell fields in Spitsbergen, Scandinavian Mountains and in Khibiny and Lovozero Mountains, where two below association were described. Ass. Saxifrago oppositifoliae–Flavocetrarietum nivalis ass. nov. (Fig. 2, Table 2 and 8), nomenclature type (holotypus) — rel. 5 (2D/20); 67.6081° N, 33.7783° E, 08.07.2020; 1010 m. Diagnostic species: Alectoria ochroleuca (d), Flavocetraria nivalis (d), F. cucullata, Racomitrium lanuginosum (d), Saxifraga oppositifolia. Two variants are described — typica (Table 2, rel. 1–9) and Carex bigelowii (Table 2, rel. 10–16). Ass. Сetrariello delisei–Racomitrietum lanuginosi ass. nov. (Table 3 and 8), nomenclature type (holotypus) — rel. 2 (83a/19); 67.6116° N, 33.7610°E; 1010 m. Diagnostic species: Cetraria ericetorum, Pseudephebe pubescens, Racomitrium lanuginosum (д), Rhizocarpon geographicum, Umbilicaria cylindrica, U. hyperborea, U. proboscidea. Class Salicetea herbaceae (the alliance Cassiopo–Salicion herbaceae) includes two associations, which are very similar with associations of the alliance Luzulion arcuatae. Ass. Anthelio–Luzuletum arcuatae Nordh. 1928 (Fig. 3, Table 4 and 8). Diagnostic species: Anthelia juratzkana, Harrimanella hypnoides, Gymnomitrion concinnatum (d), G. corallioides, Marsupella apiculata, Micarea incrassata, Ochrolechia frigida, Pseudolophozia sudetica. Аss. Cetrariello delisei–Harrimanelletum hypnoidis ass. nov. (Table 5 and 8), nomenclature type (holotypus) — rel. 2 (11/14), 67.6644° N, 33.5433° E, 1000 m. Diagnostic species: Andreaea rupestris, Carex bigelowii, Cetrariella delisei, Gymnomitrion concinnatum, Harrimanella hypnoides, Huperzia arctica, Hymenoloma crispulum, Marsupella apiculata. Cryptogamic vegetation in fjell fields is classified into two classes: Rhizocarpetea geographici Wirth 1972 (the alliance Rhizocarpion alpicolae Frey ex Klement 1955) and Racomitrietea heterostichi Neumayr 1971 (the alliance Andreaeion petrophilae Smarda 1944). In the first class, the community type Rhizocarpon geographicum includes combination of epilithic lichen synusia (Rhizocarpon geographicum, Umbilicaria cylindrica, U. hyperborea, U. proboscidea, Pseudephebe pubescens, P. minuscula, Stereocaulon vesuvianum). Within the class Racomitrietea heterostichi Neumayr 1971 ass. Andreaeo rupestris–Racomitrietum microcarpi ass. nov. (Fig. 1, Table 1 and 8) is described. Nomenclature type (holotypus) — rel. 6 (83d/19); 67.6116° N, 33.7610° E, 1000 m. Diagnostic species: Andreaea rupestris, Bucklandiella microcarpa (d). Class Loiseleurio procumbentis–Vaccinietea (the alliance Loiseleurio-Arctostaphylion) includes two associations. Ass. Racomitrio lanuginosi–Dryadetum octopetalae Telyatnikov 2010 (Table 6 and 8). Diagnostic species: Antennaria dioica, Dryas octopetala, Festuсa ovina, Vaccinium vitis-idaea subsp. minus. Ass. Flavocetrario nivalis–Caricetum bigelowii ass. nov. (Fig. 5, Table 7 and 8), nomenclature type (holotypus) — rel. 5 (15b/14), 67.7403° N, 34.7260° E, 900 m. Diagnostic species: Carex bigelowii, Juncus trifidus, Salix polaris, Sphenolobus minutus. There are no conditions for mires in Khibiny and Lovozero Mountains. The only minerotrophic mire described in the narrow damp hollow belongs to the ass. Drepanoclado–Ranunculetum hyperborei Hadač 1989, the class Scheuchzerio palustris–Caricetea fuscae Tx. 1937, the alliance Drepanocladion exannulati Krajina 1933. Diagnostic species: Ranunculus hyperboreus, Warnstorfia exannulata, W. sarmentosa. There are 70 species in vascular plant flora of fjell fields. The ratio of biogeographic elements (Koroleva et al., 2021) is as follows: arctic fraction — 63 %, hypoarctic one — 23 %, boreal one — 4 % and polyzonal one — 10 %, that corresponds to the flora of the arctic type. The ordination shows syntaxonomical continuum due to the absence of boundaries between associations (Fig. 5, 6). The main variation of vegetation is associated with species richness, which is connected with snow cover thickness and duration of the growing season. Community proximity of the alliance Luzulion arcuatae in the Kola Peninsula and Spitsbergen is confirmed on the ordination diagram (Fig. 6), as well as the isolated position of this alliance from Saxifrago stellaris–Oxyrion digynae, and Saxifrago oppositifoliae–Oxyrion digynae. The alliance Luzulion arcuatae is not a synonym of Saxifrago stellaris–Oxyrion digynae. The proximity of Luzulion arcuatae and Loiseleurio-Arctostaphylion is due to synusiae of lichens (Alectoria nigricans, A. ochroleuca, Flavocetraria cucullata, F. nivalis, and Thamnolia vermicularis) dominated in communities of both alliances. The proximityity of Luzulion arcuatae and Cassiopo–Salicion herbaceae is due to the dominance of liverwort (Gymnomitrion concinnatum, Marsupella apiculata, Pseudolophozia sudetica, etc.) synusiae and moss Harrimanella hypnoides.

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来源期刊

Rastitel''nost'' Rossii Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Plant Science

CiteScore

1.20

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0.00%

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期刊介绍： The scientific journal Rastitel''nost'' Rossii is included in the Scopus database. Publisher country is Russia. The main subject areas of published articles are Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Plant Science, Общая биология.