来自俄罗斯欧洲部分和西西伯利亚的新协会Phragmitetum altissimi ass.nov.(Phragmito Magnocaritea Klika in Klika et novák 1941)

Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences
O. Kapitonova, Т. M. Lysenko
{"title":"来自俄罗斯欧洲部分和西西伯利亚的新协会Phragmitetum altissimi ass.nov.(Phragmito Magnocaritea Klika in Klika et novák 1941)","authors":"O. Kapitonova, Т. M. Lysenko","doi":"10.31111/vegrus/2022.45.74","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"The highest reed (Phragmites altissimus) is a species with Eurasian-North African range, recently expanding its area of distribution in northern direction (Kapitonova, 2016; Golovanov et al., 2019; Tzvelev, Probatova, 2019). It is known that in the forest zone of both the European and Asian parts of Russia, the highest reed is found only as an invasive plant (Tzvelev, 2011). Communities dominated by P. altissimus are known both within its natural range and in the area of invasion. However, in syntaxonomic reviews, cenoses with this species dominanation are traditionally included by the authors in the ass. Phragmitetum australis Savich 1926 (Golub et al., 1991, 2015; Golub, Chorbadze, 1995; Kipriyanova, 2008; Vegetaсе…, 2011; Golovanov, Abramova, 2012; Chepinoga, 2015). The aim of this work is to establish the syntaxonomic status of communities formed by P. altissimus. The work used 65 geobotanical relevés made within the primary range of the P. altissimus (Astrakhan region and the south of the Tyumen region within the forest-steppe zone) and in the area of its secondary range (the Udmurtian Republic and the taiga zone of the Tyumen region). The relevés were introduced into database developed on the basis of the TURBOVEG program (Hennekens, 1996) and processed using the JUICE program (Tichý, 2002). To assess the abundance of species on the sample plots described, the J. Braun-Blanquet abundance scale was used with the following abundance-coverage scores: r — the species is extremely rare with insignificant coverage, + — the species is rare, the degree of coverage is small, 1 — the number of individuals is large, the degree of coverage is small or the individuals are sparse, but the coverage is large, 2 — the number of individuals is large, the projective cover is from 5 to 25 %, 3 — the number of individuals is any, the projective cover is from 25 to 50 %, 4 — the number of individuals is any, the projective cover is from 50 to 75 %, the number of individuals is any, the cover is more than 75 % (Mirkin et al., 1989). Syntaxonomic analysis was performed using the approach suggested by J. Braun-Blanquet (1964). The names of syntaxa are given according to the “International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature” (Theurillat et al., 2021). The system of higher syntaxa is given in accordance with “Hierarchical floristic classification…” (Mucina et al., 2016). To identify the main factors determining the differentiation and distribution of the studied communities, the NMDS method was used. For each syntaxon, using the IBIS program (Zverev, 2007), the average indicator values were calculated according to the ecological scales of D. N. Tsyganov (Tsyganov, 1983): soil moisture (Hd), soil nitrogen richness (Nt), and illumination-shading (Lc). Processing was carried out in the PC-ORD v. 6.0 (McCune et Mefford, 2011). The studied communities were assigned to the new ass. Phragmitetum altissimi, 4 subassociations, and 7 variants. The nomenclature type of association is relevé N 20 in Table 3. It is shown that in the communities of the ass. Phragmitetum altissimi, the number of species ranges from 1 to 15 (in average 4). The total projective cover varies from 20 to 100 %. The height of the herbage is 2–5 m; four to five substages are distinguished in it. In the first substage, in addition to P. altissimus, the presence of large cattails (Typha austro-orientalis, T. linnaei, T. latifolia, T. tichomirovii), as well as tall grasses (Calamagrostis pseudophragmites, Phalaroides arundinacea) and Scirpus hippolyti was recorded. The second substage is formed by grasses of medium height (up to 0.8–1 m): Carex riparia, Sparganium erectum, Oenanthe aquatica, Stachys palustris, Lythrum salicaria, Althaea officinalis, Persicaria maculata, P. minor, Cirsium setosum, much less often — Impatiens glandulifera, Urtica dioica, etc. The third substage is not always developed, as a rule, it is very sparse, formed by surface hygrophilic grasses usually no more than 10–20 (25) cm in height (Rorippa amphibia, Galium palustre, Potentilla reptans, Tussilago farfara). The fourth substage is usually sparse; it is formed by rooting (Nymphaea alba) or non-rooting (Salvinia natans, Lemna minor, L. turionifera, Spirodela polyrhiza, Hydrocharis morsus-ranae) hydrophytes floating on the water surface. The fifth substage is formed by non-rooting hydrophytes completely submerged in water (Lemna trisulca, Ceratophyllum demersum), as well as Drepanocladus aduncus and Cladophora sp. Often are out-of-tier vinegrasses (Calystegia sepium, Cynanchum acutum); sprouts of willows (Salix cinerea, S. alba) are also quite common. Communities dominated by P. altissimus are formed in coastal shallow waters, including swampy, stagnant or weakly flowing water bodies with stable or slightly fluctuating water level, with tight bottom or small, sometimes quite thick layer of silty-detrital deposits. Communities also are formed on damp or swampy shores, including disturbed, permanent or temporarily drying water bodies. In anthropogenic habitats, they are developed in watered and damp depressions (ditches), in shallow waters and damp banks of ponds, reservoirs, man-made water bodies, excavations, and watered quarries. Cenoses of the subass. P. a. typicum (Fig. 2) are formed on coastal shallow waters and damp shores of permanent or temporarily drying water bodies, including disturbed ones. Communities of the subass. P. a. caricetosum ripariae are characteristic of swampy coastal areas and swampy shores of water bodies with stable or slightly fluctuating water level; they are distinguished by sparse and relatively low upper substage of the herbage composed of P. altissimus. Communities of the subass. P. a. phalaroidetosum arundinaceae, which occcur in coastal shallow waters (up to 5–10 cm deep) and damp shores of water bodies, are characterized by rather dense upper substage of herbage and temporary drying of the substrate during the growing season. Communities of the subass. P. a. lemnetosum trisulcae are formed in water bodies, the water level in which is subject to fluctuations during the growing season; they are characterized by dense substage of grasses submerged in water and significant thickness of silty bottom sediments.. Communities of the ass. Phragmitetum altissimi are distributed within the primary range of P. altissimus — in the south of the European part of Russia (Astrakhan region) and in the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia (Tyumen region). They are also found in the area of invasion of the highest reed — in the east of the Russian Plain (Udmurtian Republic), in the taiga zone of Western Siberia (Tyumen region) (Fig. 1). In the secondary range of the highest reed, only cenoses attributed to the subass. P. a. typicum are recorded. Communities belonging to all four subassociations are widespread within the primary range of P. altissimus on the territory of the European part of Russia.","PeriodicalId":37606,"journal":{"name":"Rastitel''nost'' Rossii","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"New association Phragmitetum altissimi ass. nov. (Phragmito-Magnocaricetea Klika in Klika et Novák 1941) from the european part of Russia and Western Siberia\",\"authors\":\"O. Kapitonova, Т. M. Lysenko\",\"doi\":\"10.31111/vegrus/2022.45.74\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"The highest reed (Phragmites altissimus) is a species with Eurasian-North African range, recently expanding its area of distribution in northern direction (Kapitonova, 2016; Golovanov et al., 2019; Tzvelev, Probatova, 2019). It is known that in the forest zone of both the European and Asian parts of Russia, the highest reed is found only as an invasive plant (Tzvelev, 2011). Communities dominated by P. altissimus are known both within its natural range and in the area of invasion. However, in syntaxonomic reviews, cenoses with this species dominanation are traditionally included by the authors in the ass. Phragmitetum australis Savich 1926 (Golub et al., 1991, 2015; Golub, Chorbadze, 1995; Kipriyanova, 2008; Vegetaсе…, 2011; Golovanov, Abramova, 2012; Chepinoga, 2015). The aim of this work is to establish the syntaxonomic status of communities formed by P. altissimus. The work used 65 geobotanical relevés made within the primary range of the P. altissimus (Astrakhan region and the south of the Tyumen region within the forest-steppe zone) and in the area of its secondary range (the Udmurtian Republic and the taiga zone of the Tyumen region). The relevés were introduced into database developed on the basis of the TURBOVEG program (Hennekens, 1996) and processed using the JUICE program (Tichý, 2002). To assess the abundance of species on the sample plots described, the J. Braun-Blanquet abundance scale was used with the following abundance-coverage scores: r — the species is extremely rare with insignificant coverage, + — the species is rare, the degree of coverage is small, 1 — the number of individuals is large, the degree of coverage is small or the individuals are sparse, but the coverage is large, 2 — the number of individuals is large, the projective cover is from 5 to 25 %, 3 — the number of individuals is any, the projective cover is from 25 to 50 %, 4 — the number of individuals is any, the projective cover is from 50 to 75 %, the number of individuals is any, the cover is more than 75 % (Mirkin et al., 1989). Syntaxonomic analysis was performed using the approach suggested by J. Braun-Blanquet (1964). The names of syntaxa are given according to the “International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature” (Theurillat et al., 2021). The system of higher syntaxa is given in accordance with “Hierarchical floristic classification…” (Mucina et al., 2016). To identify the main factors determining the differentiation and distribution of the studied communities, the NMDS method was used. For each syntaxon, using the IBIS program (Zverev, 2007), the average indicator values were calculated according to the ecological scales of D. N. Tsyganov (Tsyganov, 1983): soil moisture (Hd), soil nitrogen richness (Nt), and illumination-shading (Lc). Processing was carried out in the PC-ORD v. 6.0 (McCune et Mefford, 2011). The studied communities were assigned to the new ass. Phragmitetum altissimi, 4 subassociations, and 7 variants. The nomenclature type of association is relevé N 20 in Table 3. It is shown that in the communities of the ass. Phragmitetum altissimi, the number of species ranges from 1 to 15 (in average 4). The total projective cover varies from 20 to 100 %. The height of the herbage is 2–5 m; four to five substages are distinguished in it. In the first substage, in addition to P. altissimus, the presence of large cattails (Typha austro-orientalis, T. linnaei, T. latifolia, T. tichomirovii), as well as tall grasses (Calamagrostis pseudophragmites, Phalaroides arundinacea) and Scirpus hippolyti was recorded. The second substage is formed by grasses of medium height (up to 0.8–1 m): Carex riparia, Sparganium erectum, Oenanthe aquatica, Stachys palustris, Lythrum salicaria, Althaea officinalis, Persicaria maculata, P. minor, Cirsium setosum, much less often — Impatiens glandulifera, Urtica dioica, etc. The third substage is not always developed, as a rule, it is very sparse, formed by surface hygrophilic grasses usually no more than 10–20 (25) cm in height (Rorippa amphibia, Galium palustre, Potentilla reptans, Tussilago farfara). The fourth substage is usually sparse; it is formed by rooting (Nymphaea alba) or non-rooting (Salvinia natans, Lemna minor, L. turionifera, Spirodela polyrhiza, Hydrocharis morsus-ranae) hydrophytes floating on the water surface. The fifth substage is formed by non-rooting hydrophytes completely submerged in water (Lemna trisulca, Ceratophyllum demersum), as well as Drepanocladus aduncus and Cladophora sp. Often are out-of-tier vinegrasses (Calystegia sepium, Cynanchum acutum); sprouts of willows (Salix cinerea, S. alba) are also quite common. Communities dominated by P. altissimus are formed in coastal shallow waters, including swampy, stagnant or weakly flowing water bodies with stable or slightly fluctuating water level, with tight bottom or small, sometimes quite thick layer of silty-detrital deposits. Communities also are formed on damp or swampy shores, including disturbed, permanent or temporarily drying water bodies. In anthropogenic habitats, they are developed in watered and damp depressions (ditches), in shallow waters and damp banks of ponds, reservoirs, man-made water bodies, excavations, and watered quarries. Cenoses of the subass. P. a. typicum (Fig. 2) are formed on coastal shallow waters and damp shores of permanent or temporarily drying water bodies, including disturbed ones. Communities of the subass. P. a. caricetosum ripariae are characteristic of swampy coastal areas and swampy shores of water bodies with stable or slightly fluctuating water level; they are distinguished by sparse and relatively low upper substage of the herbage composed of P. altissimus. Communities of the subass. P. a. phalaroidetosum arundinaceae, which occcur in coastal shallow waters (up to 5–10 cm deep) and damp shores of water bodies, are characterized by rather dense upper substage of herbage and temporary drying of the substrate during the growing season. Communities of the subass. P. a. lemnetosum trisulcae are formed in water bodies, the water level in which is subject to fluctuations during the growing season; they are characterized by dense substage of grasses submerged in water and significant thickness of silty bottom sediments.. Communities of the ass. Phragmitetum altissimi are distributed within the primary range of P. altissimus — in the south of the European part of Russia (Astrakhan region) and in the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia (Tyumen region). They are also found in the area of invasion of the highest reed — in the east of the Russian Plain (Udmurtian Republic), in the taiga zone of Western Siberia (Tyumen region) (Fig. 1). In the secondary range of the highest reed, only cenoses attributed to the subass. P. a. typicum are recorded. Communities belonging to all four subassociations are widespread within the primary range of P. altissimus on the territory of the European part of Russia.\",\"PeriodicalId\":37606,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Rastitel''nost'' Rossii\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2022-01-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Rastitel''nost'' Rossii\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.31111/vegrus/2022.45.74\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q4\",\"JCRName\":\"Agricultural and Biological Sciences\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Rastitel''nost'' Rossii","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.31111/vegrus/2022.45.74","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

摘要

最高芦苇(Phragmites altissimus)是一个分布在欧亚-北非的物种,最近在北部方向扩大了其分布区域(Kapitonova, 2016;Golovanov et al., 2019;Tzvelev, Probatova, 2019)。众所周知,在俄罗斯欧洲和亚洲部分的森林地带,最高的芦苇只被发现是一种入侵植物(Tzvelev, 2011)。在其自然分布范围内和入侵区域内,均已知以高山杨为主的群落。然而,在分类学综述中,具有这种种优势的植物通常被作者包括在类群中。Phragmitetum australis Savich 1926 (Golub et al., 1991,2015;Golub, Chorbadze, 1995;Kipriyanova, 2008;贝吉塔се…,2011;Golovanov, Abramova, 2012;Chepinoga, 2015)。本研究的目的是为了确定高山杨群落的分类学地位。这项工作使用了在P. altissimus的主要范围内(阿斯特拉罕地区和秋明地区南部的森林草原地区)和其次要范围内(乌德穆尔特共和国和秋明地区的针叶林地区)进行的65项地球植物学研究。在TURBOVEG程序(Hennekens, 1996)的基础上,将相关的样本导入数据库,并使用JUICE程序(Tichý, 2002)进行处理。为了评估所描述样地上的物种丰度,使用了J. Braun-Blanquet丰度量表,其丰度覆盖分数如下:r -物种与微不足道的报道极为罕见,+ -罕见的物种,覆盖的程度很小,1 -个人的数量大,覆盖面很小的程度或个人稀疏,但覆盖面很大,2 -个人的数量很大,投影覆盖从5到25%,3 -个人的数量,投影覆盖从25到50%,4 -个体数任意,投射覆盖度在50% ~ 75%之间,个体数任意,覆盖度在75%以上(Mirkin et al., 1989)。采用J. Braun-Blanquet(1964)提出的方法进行句法分析。语法群的名称根据“国际植物社会学命名法”(Theurillat et al., 2021)给出。根据“分层区系分类……”(Mucina et al., 2016)给出了高级句法系统。采用NMDS方法确定了影响群落分化和分布的主要因素。采用IBIS程序(Zverev, 2007),根据D. N. Tsyganov (Tsyganov, 1983)的生态尺度:土壤水分(Hd)、土壤氮丰富度(Nt)和光照-遮阳(Lc)计算各句法类的平均指标值。在PC-ORD v. 6.0中进行处理(McCune et Mefford, 2011)。所研究的群落归属于高原芦苇属(Phragmitetum altissimi)新科、4个亚类群和7个变异。关联的命名类型在表3中与n20相关。结果表明,高原芦苇(ass. Phragmitetum altissimi)群落的物种数为1 ~ 15种(平均4种),总投影盖度为20% ~ 100%。牧草的高度为2-5米;它分为四到五个子阶段。在第1亚期,除高原草外,还发现了大型香蒲(Typha austro-orientalis, T. linnaei, T. latifolia, T. tichomirovii),以及高草(Calamagrostis pseudoophragmites, Phalaroides arundinacea)和Scirpus hippolyti。第二亚期由中等高度(可达0.8-1米)的禾草组成,包括:金毛草、竖叶草、水草、水草、水草、水草、杜鹃花、桃根草、小叶草、鸢尾草,以及凤仙花、荨麻等。第三亚阶段并不总是发育,通常非常稀疏,由表面亲水的草(Rorippa amphibia, Galium palustre, Potentilla reptans, Tussilago farfara)形成,通常不超过10-20 (25)cm。第四亚期通常稀疏;它是由漂浮在水面上的有根水生植物(Nymphaea alba)或无根水生植物(Salvinia natans, lena minor, L. turionifera, Spirodela polyrhiza, Hydrocharis morsus-ranae)形成的。第五亚期由完全浸没在水中的非生根水生植物(Lemna trisulca, Ceratophyllum demersum),以及Drepanocladus aduncus和Cladophora sp.形成,通常是层外的藤本植物(Calystegia sepium, Cynanchum acutum);柳树(Salix cinerea, S. alba)的芽也很常见。以P. altissimus为主的群落形成于沿海浅水区,包括水位稳定或微波动的沼泽、停滞或弱流动水体,底部紧密或粉砂质碎屑沉积物层小,有时相当厚。 在潮湿或沼泽的海岸,包括受到干扰的、永久的或暂时干燥的水体上,也会形成群落。在人为生境中,它们发育在有水和潮湿的洼地(沟渠)、浅水和潮湿的池塘、水库、人造水体、挖掘和有水的采石场。这是一艘潜艇。典型水藻(图2)形成于海岸浅水和永久或暂时干燥的水体(包括受干扰的水体)的潮湿海岸。鲈鱼群落。滨水沙蚤主要生长于水位稳定或微波动的沼泽滨海地区和沼泽岸;它们的特点是由高山杨组成的牧草的上亚期相对较低且稀疏。鲈鱼群落。P. a. phalaroidetosum arundinaceae生长在沿海浅水(深5 ~ 10 cm)和水体湿润的岸边,其特点是牧草上亚期较密,生长季节基质暂时干燥。鲈鱼群落。三叶草是在水体中形成的,水体的水位在生长季节会有波动;高原草的群落分布在高原草的主要分布范围内——俄罗斯欧洲部分南部(阿斯特拉罕地区)和西伯利亚西部的森林草原地带(秋明地区)。它们也被发现在最高芦苇入侵的地区-在俄罗斯平原东部(乌德穆尔特共和国),在西伯利亚西部的针叶林地带(秋明地区)(图1)。在最高芦苇的次级范围内,只有被归因于亚鲈鱼的cenoses。记录了典型单胞菌。属于所有四个亚群的群落在俄罗斯欧洲部分领土上广泛分布于P. altissimus的主要范围内。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
New association Phragmitetum altissimi ass. nov. (Phragmito-Magnocaricetea Klika in Klika et Novák 1941) from the european part of Russia and Western Siberia
The highest reed (Phragmites altissimus) is a species with Eurasian-North African range, recently expanding its area of distribution in northern direction (Kapitonova, 2016; Golovanov et al., 2019; Tzvelev, Probatova, 2019). It is known that in the forest zone of both the European and Asian parts of Russia, the highest reed is found only as an invasive plant (Tzvelev, 2011). Communities dominated by P. altissimus are known both within its natural range and in the area of invasion. However, in syntaxonomic reviews, cenoses with this species dominanation are traditionally included by the authors in the ass. Phragmitetum australis Savich 1926 (Golub et al., 1991, 2015; Golub, Chorbadze, 1995; Kipriyanova, 2008; Vegetaсе…, 2011; Golovanov, Abramova, 2012; Chepinoga, 2015). The aim of this work is to establish the syntaxonomic status of communities formed by P. altissimus. The work used 65 geobotanical relevés made within the primary range of the P. altissimus (Astrakhan region and the south of the Tyumen region within the forest-steppe zone) and in the area of its secondary range (the Udmurtian Republic and the taiga zone of the Tyumen region). The relevés were introduced into database developed on the basis of the TURBOVEG program (Hennekens, 1996) and processed using the JUICE program (Tichý, 2002). To assess the abundance of species on the sample plots described, the J. Braun-Blanquet abundance scale was used with the following abundance-coverage scores: r — the species is extremely rare with insignificant coverage, + — the species is rare, the degree of coverage is small, 1 — the number of individuals is large, the degree of coverage is small or the individuals are sparse, but the coverage is large, 2 — the number of individuals is large, the projective cover is from 5 to 25 %, 3 — the number of individuals is any, the projective cover is from 25 to 50 %, 4 — the number of individuals is any, the projective cover is from 50 to 75 %, the number of individuals is any, the cover is more than 75 % (Mirkin et al., 1989). Syntaxonomic analysis was performed using the approach suggested by J. Braun-Blanquet (1964). The names of syntaxa are given according to the “International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature” (Theurillat et al., 2021). The system of higher syntaxa is given in accordance with “Hierarchical floristic classification…” (Mucina et al., 2016). To identify the main factors determining the differentiation and distribution of the studied communities, the NMDS method was used. For each syntaxon, using the IBIS program (Zverev, 2007), the average indicator values were calculated according to the ecological scales of D. N. Tsyganov (Tsyganov, 1983): soil moisture (Hd), soil nitrogen richness (Nt), and illumination-shading (Lc). Processing was carried out in the PC-ORD v. 6.0 (McCune et Mefford, 2011). The studied communities were assigned to the new ass. Phragmitetum altissimi, 4 subassociations, and 7 variants. The nomenclature type of association is relevé N 20 in Table 3. It is shown that in the communities of the ass. Phragmitetum altissimi, the number of species ranges from 1 to 15 (in average 4). The total projective cover varies from 20 to 100 %. The height of the herbage is 2–5 m; four to five substages are distinguished in it. In the first substage, in addition to P. altissimus, the presence of large cattails (Typha austro-orientalis, T. linnaei, T. latifolia, T. tichomirovii), as well as tall grasses (Calamagrostis pseudophragmites, Phalaroides arundinacea) and Scirpus hippolyti was recorded. The second substage is formed by grasses of medium height (up to 0.8–1 m): Carex riparia, Sparganium erectum, Oenanthe aquatica, Stachys palustris, Lythrum salicaria, Althaea officinalis, Persicaria maculata, P. minor, Cirsium setosum, much less often — Impatiens glandulifera, Urtica dioica, etc. The third substage is not always developed, as a rule, it is very sparse, formed by surface hygrophilic grasses usually no more than 10–20 (25) cm in height (Rorippa amphibia, Galium palustre, Potentilla reptans, Tussilago farfara). The fourth substage is usually sparse; it is formed by rooting (Nymphaea alba) or non-rooting (Salvinia natans, Lemna minor, L. turionifera, Spirodela polyrhiza, Hydrocharis morsus-ranae) hydrophytes floating on the water surface. The fifth substage is formed by non-rooting hydrophytes completely submerged in water (Lemna trisulca, Ceratophyllum demersum), as well as Drepanocladus aduncus and Cladophora sp. Often are out-of-tier vinegrasses (Calystegia sepium, Cynanchum acutum); sprouts of willows (Salix cinerea, S. alba) are also quite common. Communities dominated by P. altissimus are formed in coastal shallow waters, including swampy, stagnant or weakly flowing water bodies with stable or slightly fluctuating water level, with tight bottom or small, sometimes quite thick layer of silty-detrital deposits. Communities also are formed on damp or swampy shores, including disturbed, permanent or temporarily drying water bodies. In anthropogenic habitats, they are developed in watered and damp depressions (ditches), in shallow waters and damp banks of ponds, reservoirs, man-made water bodies, excavations, and watered quarries. Cenoses of the subass. P. a. typicum (Fig. 2) are formed on coastal shallow waters and damp shores of permanent or temporarily drying water bodies, including disturbed ones. Communities of the subass. P. a. caricetosum ripariae are characteristic of swampy coastal areas and swampy shores of water bodies with stable or slightly fluctuating water level; they are distinguished by sparse and relatively low upper substage of the herbage composed of P. altissimus. Communities of the subass. P. a. phalaroidetosum arundinaceae, which occcur in coastal shallow waters (up to 5–10 cm deep) and damp shores of water bodies, are characterized by rather dense upper substage of herbage and temporary drying of the substrate during the growing season. Communities of the subass. P. a. lemnetosum trisulcae are formed in water bodies, the water level in which is subject to fluctuations during the growing season; they are characterized by dense substage of grasses submerged in water and significant thickness of silty bottom sediments.. Communities of the ass. Phragmitetum altissimi are distributed within the primary range of P. altissimus — in the south of the European part of Russia (Astrakhan region) and in the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia (Tyumen region). They are also found in the area of invasion of the highest reed — in the east of the Russian Plain (Udmurtian Republic), in the taiga zone of Western Siberia (Tyumen region) (Fig. 1). In the secondary range of the highest reed, only cenoses attributed to the subass. P. a. typicum are recorded. Communities belonging to all four subassociations are widespread within the primary range of P. altissimus on the territory of the European part of Russia.
求助全文
通过发布文献求助,成功后即可免费获取论文全文。 去求助
来源期刊
Rastitel''nost'' Rossii
Rastitel''nost'' Rossii Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Plant Science
CiteScore
1.20
自引率
0.00%
发文量
5
期刊介绍: The scientific journal Rastitel''nost'' Rossii is included in the Scopus database. Publisher country is Russia. The main subject areas of published articles are Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Plant Science, Общая биология.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信