西西伯利亚平原和越冬高原草原带森林植被新分类

Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

Rastitel''nost'' Rossii Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI:10.31111/vegrus/2021.40.65

N. Lashchinskiy, N. Makunina

{"title":"西西伯利亚平原和越冬高原草原带森林植被新分类","authors":"N. Lashchinskiy, N. Makunina","doi":"10.31111/vegrus/2021.40.65","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"The steppe zone occupies only the southernmost part of West Siberian plain and Transural Plateau, approximately between 54° and 52° N. Zonal communities are species-rich grasslands (Isachenko, Rachkovskaya, 1961; Lapshina, Lavrenko, 1985), but due to relief and geological substrates there are numerous isolated saucer-shaped suffosion depression among flat steppe landscape occupied by small (0.5–1.5 ha) forest massifs. Previously such landscapes were described as “false forest-steppe” or “kolok steppe” following local term “kolok” that is the forest “island”. In some areas such “forest islands” occupy up to 20 % of whole area that makes difficult to identify the border between steppe and forest-steppe zones, in particular in anthropogenically transformed landscape. Until now, there is no information on the structure and floristic composition of such forests, except for brief mentiones in papers on steppe vegetation. The main aim of this paper is to assess the diversity of the deciduous forests in the steppe zone within the study area and establish their syntaxonomical position in the floristic classification. The research is based on 376 original relevés performed by authors in 2007–2016 years in steppe zone from Urals on the west to the Ob river valley on the east. Small intrazonal forest massifs are described as a part of the new class wich contains one order, two alliances and seven associations with four subassociations. Class Carici supinae–Betuletea pendulae class nov. hoc loco. Nomenclature type (holotypus hoc loco) is the order Carici supinae–Betuletalia pendulae ord. nov hoc loco. Diagnostic species: Artemisia austriaca, A. pontica, A. sericea, Carex praecox, C. supina, Festuca rupicola, Medicago falcata, Phleum phleoides, Spiraea crenata, Thymus marschallianus, Veronica spicata, V. spuria; all are mesoxerophytes, most are typical for the steppe class Festuco–Brometea. Order Carici supinae–Betuletalia pendulae ord. nov. hoc loco. Nomenclature type (holotypus hoc loco) is the alliance Sileno nutantis–Betulion pendulae all. nov. hoc loco. Diagnostic species are the same as for class. There are two alliances differing in geographic distribution and habitats within the order. Alliance Sileno nutantis–Betulion pendulae all. nov. hoc loco. Nomenclature type (holotypus hoc loco) is the ass. Sileno nutantis–Betuletum pendulae ass. nov. hoc loco. Diagnostic species: Adenophora lilifolia, Campanula bononiensis, C. wolgensis, Euphorbia subtilis, Galium boreale, Plantago urvillei, Xanthoselinum alsaticum. Association includes deciduous, mostly birch, forests which occur on well-drained plains as small massifs in river valleys and in suffosion depressions. There are four associations differing by habitat moistening within the alliance. Ass. Sileno nutantis–Betuletum pendulae ass. nov. hoc loco (nomenclature type (holotypus hoc loco) — Table 1, relevé 5 (field number L13-035), N 53.09602°, E 60.91305°) unites forests at the base of the northoriented slopes and on the periphery of the large suffosion depressions throughout the class distribution area. Diagnostic species = alliance diagnostic species.) Ass. Pulsatillo patentis–Betuletum pendulae ass. nov. hoc loco (nomenclature type (holotypus hoc loco) —Table 2, relevé 6 (field number L12-134), N 52.46126°, E 60.32398°) includes forest massifs from the driest habitats in the south-western part of the class distribution area near the border between West Siberian plain and Kazakh Upland. Diagnostic species: Achillea nobilis, Antennaria dioica, Gyp- sophila altissima, Helictotrichon desertorum, Hieracium echioides, Onosma simplicissima, Pulsatilla patens, Ve- ronica incana). Subass. Pulsatillo patentis–Betuletum pendulae typicum (Table. 2, relevé 1–13). Physiognomy, no- menclature type and diagnostic species are the same as for the association. Subass. Pulsatillo patentis–Betuletum pendulae populetosum tremulae subass. nov. hoc loco (nomenclature type (holotypus hoc loco) — Table 2, relevé 17 (field number L15-074), N 52.05014°, E 59.14092°) includes small massifs of aspen forest from western border of the class distribution area. Diagnostic species: Artemisia armeniaca, Asparagus officinalis, Fritillaria ruthenica, Hylotelephium stepposum, Myosotis imitata, Populus tremula (dom.), Salvia stepposa, Stipa pennata). Ass. Brachypodio pinnati–Betuletum pendulae ass. nov. hoc loco (nomenclature type (holotypus hoc loco) — Table 3, relevé 8 (field number L13-130), N 55.32487, E 64.62582) may be considered as transitional syntaxon between classes Carici supinae–Betuletea pendulae and Brachypodio pinnati–Betuletea pendulae. Diagnostic species: Brachypodium pinnatum, Calamagrostis arundinacea, Polygonatum odoratum). Association includes two subassociations —Brachypodio pinnati–Betuletum pendulae typicum and Brachypodio pinnati–Betuletum pendulae galietosum tinctorii differing by geographical distribution. Ass. Carici distichae–Betuletum pendulae ass. nov. hoc loco (nomenclature type (holotypus hoc loco) — Table 4, relevé 8 (field number L13-089), N 54.11368, E 61.82870) includes forests in suffosion depressions which are transitional to the class Alnetea glutinosae. Diagnostic species: Calamagrostis canescens, Carex disticha, C. melanostachya, Lysimachia vulgaris, Phalaroides arundinacea, Poa palustris, Ptarmica cartilaginea, Salix cinerea, Veronica longifolia). Alliance Artemisio dracunculi–Betulion pendulae all. nov. hoc loco (nomenclature type (holotypus hoc loco) is the ass. Artemisio rupestris–Betuletum pendulae) includes small massifs of deciduous for- ests in suffosion depressions with poor drainage, more common in eastern part of West Siberian plain. Diagnostic species: Artemisia dracunculus, Berteroa incana, Festuca valesiaca, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Peucedanum morisonii, Rosa laxa). Alliance includes three associa- tions differing by habitat moistening and anthropogenic pressure. Ass. Artemisio rupestris–Betuletum pendulae ass. nov. hoc loco (nomenclature type (holotypus hoc loco) — Table 5, relevé 5 (field number L16-293), N 53.41704, E 76.61384) includes birch forests in south-eastern part of class the area in suffosion depressions and on ancient lake coastal ramparts. Diagnostic species: Artemisia abrotanum, A. rupestris, Koeleria cristata, Vicia cracca) Ass. Hieracio virosi–Populetum tremulae ass. nov. hoc loco (nomenclature type (holotypus hoc loco): Table 6, relevé 9 (field number L07-021), N 52.92644, E 79.71519). includes aspen or rare birch forests on sandy terraces of salt lakes. Diagnostic species: Chenopodium album, Hieracium virosum, Leonurus glaucescens, Populus tremula, Ribes aureum) Ass. Berteroo incanae–Betuletum pendulae Lashchinskiy et Lashchinskaya 2012 was previously described from Priobskoe plateau (Lashchinskiy, Lashchinskaya, 2012). There is the well-pronounced difference between new class and previously known syntaxa of the alliance Peucedano morisonii–Betulion pendulae which includes the driest communities in the class Brachy- podio-Betuletea. The identified distribution area of the new class covers the northern part of the steppe zone in the southern part of West Siberian plain from Urals to the Ob river valley. Its northern limit coincides quite well with the border between steppe and forest-steppe zones, while southern one does with the forest boundary on West Siberian plain and Transural Plateau.","PeriodicalId":37606,"journal":{"name":"Rastitel''nost'' Rossii","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Carici supinae–Betuletea pendulae — new forest vegetation class in steppe zone of West Siberian plain and Transural Plateau\",\"authors\":\"N. Lashchinskiy, N. Makunina\",\"doi\":\"10.31111/vegrus/2021.40.65\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"The steppe zone occupies only the southernmost part of West Siberian plain and Transural Plateau, approximately between 54° and 52° N. Zonal communities are species-rich grasslands (Isachenko, Rachkovskaya, 1961; Lapshina, Lavrenko, 1985), but due to relief and geological substrates there are numerous isolated saucer-shaped suffosion depression among flat steppe landscape occupied by small (0.5–1.5 ha) forest massifs. Previously such landscapes were described as “false forest-steppe” or “kolok steppe” following local term “kolok” that is the forest “island”. In some areas such “forest islands” occupy up to 20 % of whole area that makes difficult to identify the border between steppe and forest-steppe zones, in particular in anthropogenically transformed landscape. Until now, there is no information on the structure and floristic composition of such forests, except for brief mentiones in papers on steppe vegetation. The main aim of this paper is to assess the diversity of the deciduous forests in the steppe zone within the study area and establish their syntaxonomical position in the floristic classification. The research is based on 376 original relevés performed by authors in 2007–2016 years in steppe zone from Urals on the west to the Ob river valley on the east. Small intrazonal forest massifs are described as a part of the new class wich contains one order, two alliances and seven associations with four subassociations. Class Carici supinae–Betuletea pendulae class nov. hoc loco. Nomenclature type (holotypus hoc loco) is the order Carici supinae–Betuletalia pendulae ord. nov hoc loco. Diagnostic species: Artemisia austriaca, A. pontica, A. sericea, Carex praecox, C. supina, Festuca rupicola, Medicago falcata, Phleum phleoides, Spiraea crenata, Thymus marschallianus, Veronica spicata, V. spuria; all are mesoxerophytes, most are typical for the steppe class Festuco–Brometea. Order Carici supinae–Betuletalia pendulae ord. nov. hoc loco. Nomenclature type (holotypus hoc loco) is the alliance Sileno nutantis–Betulion pendulae all. nov. hoc loco. Diagnostic species are the same as for class. There are two alliances differing in geographic distribution and habitats within the order. Alliance Sileno nutantis–Betulion pendulae all. nov. hoc loco. Nomenclature type (holotypus hoc loco) is the ass. Sileno nutantis–Betuletum pendulae ass. nov. hoc loco. Diagnostic species: Adenophora lilifolia, Campanula bononiensis, C. wolgensis, Euphorbia subtilis, Galium boreale, Plantago urvillei, Xanthoselinum alsaticum. Association includes deciduous, mostly birch, forests which occur on well-drained plains as small massifs in river valleys and in suffosion depressions. There are four associations differing by habitat moistening within the alliance. Ass. Sileno nutantis–Betuletum pendulae ass. nov. hoc loco (nomenclature type (holotypus hoc loco) — Table 1, relevé 5 (field number L13-035), N 53.09602°, E 60.91305°) unites forests at the base of the northoriented slopes and on the periphery of the large suffosion depressions throughout the class distribution area. Diagnostic species = alliance diagnostic species.) Ass. Pulsatillo patentis–Betuletum pendulae ass. nov. hoc loco (nomenclature type (holotypus hoc loco) —Table 2, relevé 6 (field number L12-134), N 52.46126°, E 60.32398°) includes forest massifs from the driest habitats in the south-western part of the class distribution area near the border between West Siberian plain and Kazakh Upland. Diagnostic species: Achillea nobilis, Antennaria dioica, Gyp- sophila altissima, Helictotrichon desertorum, Hieracium echioides, Onosma simplicissima, Pulsatilla patens, Ve- ronica incana). Subass. Pulsatillo patentis–Betuletum pendulae typicum (Table. 2, relevé 1–13). Physiognomy, no- menclature type and diagnostic species are the same as for the association. Subass. Pulsatillo patentis–Betuletum pendulae populetosum tremulae subass. nov. hoc loco (nomenclature type (holotypus hoc loco) — Table 2, relevé 17 (field number L15-074), N 52.05014°, E 59.14092°) includes small massifs of aspen forest from western border of the class distribution area. Diagnostic species: Artemisia armeniaca, Asparagus officinalis, Fritillaria ruthenica, Hylotelephium stepposum, Myosotis imitata, Populus tremula (dom.), Salvia stepposa, Stipa pennata). Ass. Brachypodio pinnati–Betuletum pendulae ass. nov. hoc loco (nomenclature type (holotypus hoc loco) — Table 3, relevé 8 (field number L13-130), N 55.32487, E 64.62582) may be considered as transitional syntaxon between classes Carici supinae–Betuletea pendulae and Brachypodio pinnati–Betuletea pendulae. Diagnostic species: Brachypodium pinnatum, Calamagrostis arundinacea, Polygonatum odoratum). Association includes two subassociations —Brachypodio pinnati–Betuletum pendulae typicum and Brachypodio pinnati–Betuletum pendulae galietosum tinctorii differing by geographical distribution. Ass. Carici distichae–Betuletum pendulae ass. nov. hoc loco (nomenclature type (holotypus hoc loco) — Table 4, relevé 8 (field number L13-089), N 54.11368, E 61.82870) includes forests in suffosion depressions which are transitional to the class Alnetea glutinosae. Diagnostic species: Calamagrostis canescens, Carex disticha, C. melanostachya, Lysimachia vulgaris, Phalaroides arundinacea, Poa palustris, Ptarmica cartilaginea, Salix cinerea, Veronica longifolia). Alliance Artemisio dracunculi–Betulion pendulae all. nov. hoc loco (nomenclature type (holotypus hoc loco) is the ass. Artemisio rupestris–Betuletum pendulae) includes small massifs of deciduous for- ests in suffosion depressions with poor drainage, more common in eastern part of West Siberian plain. Diagnostic species: Artemisia dracunculus, Berteroa incana, Festuca valesiaca, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Peucedanum morisonii, Rosa laxa). Alliance includes three associa- tions differing by habitat moistening and anthropogenic pressure. Ass. Artemisio rupestris–Betuletum pendulae ass. nov. hoc loco (nomenclature type (holotypus hoc loco) — Table 5, relevé 5 (field number L16-293), N 53.41704, E 76.61384) includes birch forests in south-eastern part of class the area in suffosion depressions and on ancient lake coastal ramparts. Diagnostic species: Artemisia abrotanum, A. rupestris, Koeleria cristata, Vicia cracca) Ass. Hieracio virosi–Populetum tremulae ass. nov. hoc loco (nomenclature type (holotypus hoc loco): Table 6, relevé 9 (field number L07-021), N 52.92644, E 79.71519). includes aspen or rare birch forests on sandy terraces of salt lakes. Diagnostic species: Chenopodium album, Hieracium virosum, Leonurus glaucescens, Populus tremula, Ribes aureum) Ass. Berteroo incanae–Betuletum pendulae Lashchinskiy et Lashchinskaya 2012 was previously described from Priobskoe plateau (Lashchinskiy, Lashchinskaya, 2012). There is the well-pronounced difference between new class and previously known syntaxa of the alliance Peucedano morisonii–Betulion pendulae which includes the driest communities in the class Brachy- podio-Betuletea. The identified distribution area of the new class covers the northern part of the steppe zone in the southern part of West Siberian plain from Urals to the Ob river valley. 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引用次数: 0

摘要

草原区仅占西西伯利亚平原和越界高原的最南端，大约在北纬54°至52°之间，地带性群落是物种丰富的草原(Isachenko, Rachkovskaya, 1961;Lapshina, Lavrenko, 1985)，但由于地形起伏和地质底物的作用，在被小(0.5-1.5公顷)森林块体占据的平坦草原景观中存在许多孤立的碟状洼地。以前，这样的景观被描述为“假森林草原”或“kolok草原”，当地术语“kolok”是森林“岛”。在一些地区，这种“森林岛屿”占据了整个地区的20%，这使得很难确定草原和森林草原带之间的边界，特别是在人为改变的景观中。到目前为止，除了在关于草原植被的论文中简要提到外，没有关于这种森林的结构和植物区系组成的信息。本文的主要目的是评价研究区内草原带落叶森林的多样性，确定其在区系分类中的分类学地位。该研究基于作者2007-2016年在西乌拉尔至东鄂布河谷的草原地带进行的376次原始相关研究。小的带内森林块体被描述为新类的一部分，其中包含一个阶，两个联盟和七个协会，四个亚协会。长尾蕨纲:长尾蕨类:长尾蕨类:长尾蕨类。命名类型(holotypus hoc loco)是目Carici supinae-Betuletalia pendulae order . nov hoc loco。诊断种:奥地利黄花蒿、蓬花蒿、绢花蒿、早花蒿、穗花蒿、羊蹄草、falcatago falcata、phleoides、绣线菊、胸腺草、Veronica spicata、V. spuria;均为中叶植物，多数为典型的草原类羊茅属。金鱼目-金鱼目钟摆单。命名类型(holotypus hoc loco)是联盟Sileno nutantis-Betulion pend钟摆所有。11月特别的火线。诊断种与分类相同。在该目中有两个不同的地理分布和栖息地的联盟。联盟无声无息-钟摆之间的所有。11月特别的火线。命名类型(holotypus hoc loco)为Sileno nutantis-Betuletum pendulae ass. nov. hoc loco。诊断种:百合腺苷、风铃、狼耳草、枯草大戟、北风草、车前草、阿尔萨特黄花。关联包括落叶林，主要是白桦林，在排水良好的平原上以河谷和洼地的小块状出现。根据联盟内栖息地的湿润程度不同，有四个协会。as . Sileno nutantis-Betuletum pendulae Ass. nov. hoc loco(命名类型(holotypus hoc loco) -表1，相关资料5(野外编号L13-035)，北纬53.09602°，东纬60.91305°)将整个类分布区的北向斜坡底部和大型洼地外围的森林统一起来。诊断种=联合诊断种。a . Pulsatillo patentis-Betuletum pendulae Ass. 11 . hoc loco(命名类型(holotypus hoc loco)) -表2，相关文献6(野外编号L12-134)，北纬52.46126°，东经60.32398°)包括该类分布区域西南部靠近西西伯利亚平原和哈萨克高原交界处最干燥生境的森林块体。诊断种:大跟虫、天线虫、高背蝇、沙漠旋毛虫、针叶树、单叶树、白头翁、白头翁。Subass。白头山-典型白头山(表2，相关1-13)。外形、无月经型和诊断种与该协会相同。Subass。白头翁-白头翁-白头翁-白头翁。11 . hoc loco(命名类型(holotypus hoc loco) -表2，相关文献17(野外编号L15-074)，北纬52.05014°，东经59.14092°)包括类分布区西部边界的小块白杨林。诊断种:亚美尼亚蒿、芦笋、黑贝母、水杨、木犀草、木犀草、木犀草、木犀草。Ass. Brachypodio pinnatim - betuletum pendulae Ass. nov. hoc loco(命名类型(holotypus hoc loco) -表3，相关文献8(场号L13-130)， N 55.32487, E 64.62582)可以被认为是在Carici supinae-Betuletea pendulae和Brachypodio pinnatim - betuletea pendulae类之间的过渡分类。诊断种:短竹、菖蒲、玉竹。属群包括两个亚属群:典型羽状矮脚草-羽状矮脚草和地理分布不同的羽状矮脚草-羽状矮脚草。附属物:散形附属物:附属物:钟摆附属物。草原区仅占西西伯利亚平原和越界高原的最南端，大约在北纬54°至52°之间，地带性群落是物种丰富的草原(Isachenko, Rachkovskaya, 1961;Lapshina, Lavrenko, 1985)，但由于地形起伏和地质底物的作用，在被小(0.5-1.5公顷)森林块体占据的平坦草原景观中存在许多孤立的碟状洼地。以前，这样的景观被描述为“假森林草原”或“kolok草原”，当地术语“kolok”是森林“岛”。在一些地区，这种“森林岛屿”占据了整个地区的20%，这使得很难确定草原和森林草原带之间的边界，特别是在人为改变的景观中。到目前为止，除了在关于草原植被的论文中简要提到外，没有关于这种森林的结构和植物区系组成的信息。本文的主要目的是评价研究区内草原带落叶森林的多样性，确定其在区系分类中的分类学地位。该研究基于作者2007-2016年在西乌拉尔至东鄂布河谷的草原地带进行的376次原始相关研究。小的带内森林块体被描述为新类的一部分，其中包含一个阶，两个联盟和七个协会，四个亚协会。长尾蕨纲:长尾蕨类:长尾蕨类:长尾蕨类。命名类型(holotypus hoc loco)是目Carici supinae-Betuletalia pendulae order . nov hoc loco。诊断种:奥地利黄花蒿、蓬花蒿、绢花蒿、早花蒿、穗花蒿、羊蹄草、falcatago falcata、phleoides、绣线菊、胸腺草、Veronica spicata、V. spuria;均为中叶植物，多数为典型的草原类羊茅属。金鱼目-金鱼目钟摆单。命名类型(holotypus hoc loco)是联盟Sileno nutantis-Betulion pend钟摆所有。11月特别的火线。诊断种与分类相同。在该目中有两个不同的地理分布和栖息地的联盟。联盟无声无息-钟摆之间的所有。11月特别的火线。命名类型(holotypus hoc loco)为Sileno nutantis-Betuletum pendulae ass. nov. hoc loco。诊断种:百合腺苷、风铃、狼耳草、枯草大戟、北风草、车前草、阿尔萨特黄花。关联包括落叶林，主要是白桦林，在排水良好的平原上以河谷和洼地的小块状出现。根据联盟内栖息地的湿润程度不同，有四个协会。as . Sileno nutantis-Betuletum pendulae Ass. nov. hoc loco(命名类型(holotypus hoc loco) -表1，相关资料5(野外编号L13-035)，北纬53.09602°，东纬60.91305°)将整个类分布区的北向斜坡底部和大型洼地外围的森林统一起来。诊断种=联合诊断种。a . Pulsatillo patentis-Betuletum pendulae Ass. 11 . hoc loco(命名类型(holotypus hoc loco)) -表2，相关文献6(野外编号L12-134)，北纬52.46126°，东经60.32398°)包括该类分布区域西南部靠近西西伯利亚平原和哈萨克高原交界处最干燥生境的森林块体。诊断种:大跟虫、天线虫、高背蝇、沙漠旋毛虫、针叶树、单叶树、白头翁、白头翁。Subass。白头山-典型白头山(表2，相关1-13)。外形、无月经型和诊断种与该协会相同。Subass。白头翁-白头翁-白头翁-白头翁。11 . hoc loco(命名类型(holotypus hoc loco) -表2，相关文献17(野外编号L15-074)，北纬52.05014°，东经59.14092°)包括类分布区西部边界的小块白杨林。诊断种:亚美尼亚蒿、芦笋、黑贝母、水杨、木犀草、木犀草、木犀草、木犀草。Ass. Brachypodio pinnatim - betuletum pendulae Ass. nov. hoc loco(命名类型(holotypus hoc loco) -表3，相关文献8(场号L13-130)， N 55.32487, E 64.62582)可以被认为是在Carici supinae-Betuletea pendulae和Brachypodio pinnatim - betuletea pendulae类之间的过渡分类。诊断种:短竹、菖蒲、玉竹。属群包括两个亚属群:典型羽状矮脚草-羽状矮脚草和地理分布不同的羽状矮脚草-羽状矮脚草。附属物:散形附属物:附属物:钟摆附属物。 hoc loco(命名类型(holotypus hoc loco) -表4，相关8(领域编号L13-089)， N 54.11368, E 61.82870)包括过渡到Alnetea glutinosae类的洼地森林。诊断种:菖蒲、菖蒲、菖蒲、菖蒲、菖蒲、菖蒲、菖蒲、菖蒲、菖蒲、软骨鱼、菖蒲、菖蒲。阿耳米西奥-龙尾花联盟钟摆。11 . hoc loco(命名类型(holotypus hoc loco))是一种蒿属植物(Artemisio rupestrae - betuletum pendulae)，包括排水不良的洼地中的小块状落叶植物，多见于西西伯利亚平原东部。诊断种:黄花蒿、金花蒿、羊茅、乌拉尔甘草、桑牡丹、玫瑰。联盟包括三个协会，不同的栖息地湿度和人为压力。a . Artemisio rupestris-Betuletum pendulae Ass. 11 . hoc loco(命名类型(holotypus hoc loco) -表5，相关资料5(野外编号L16-293)， N . 5341704, E . 76.61384)包括该类别东南部的白桦林，位于洼地和古湖沿岸城墙上。诊断种:黄花蒿(Artemisia abrotanum, A. rupestris, Koeleria cristata, Vicia cracca)。病毒盲蝽(Hieracio virrois - tremulleae assa . nov. hoc loco)(命名类型(holotypus hoc loco):表6，相关文献9(场号L07-021)， N 52.92644, E 79.71519)。包括在盐湖的沙地梯田上的白杨或稀有白桦林。诊断种:Chenopodium album、Hieracium virosum、Leonurus glaucescens、Populus tremula、Ribes aureum) Ass. Berteroo incane - betuletum pendulae Lashchinskiy et Lashchinskaya 2012在Priobskoe高原已有报道(Lashchinskiy, Lashchinskaya, 2012)。新纲与先前已知的Peucedano morisonii - betulependae联盟的句法群有明显的区别，其中包括Brachy- podio-Betuletea纲中最干燥的群落。新类的确定分布区域覆盖了西西伯利亚平原南部从乌拉尔到鄂毕河流域的草原带北部。它的北部边界与草原和森林草原地带的边界相当吻合，而南部边界与西西伯利亚平原和跨西伯利亚高原的森林边界相当吻合。 hoc loco(命名类型(holotypus hoc loco) -表4，相关8(领域编号L13-089)， N 54.11368, E 61.82870)包括过渡到Alnetea glutinosae类的洼地森林。诊断种:菖蒲、菖蒲、菖蒲、菖蒲、菖蒲、菖蒲、菖蒲、菖蒲、菖蒲、软骨鱼、菖蒲、菖蒲。阿耳米西奥-龙尾花联盟钟摆。11 . hoc loco(命名类型(holotypus hoc loco))是一种蒿属植物(Artemisio rupestrae - betuletum pendulae)，包括排水不良的洼地中的小块状落叶植物，多见于西西伯利亚平原东部。诊断种:黄花蒿、金花蒿、羊茅、乌拉尔甘草、桑牡丹、玫瑰。联盟包括三个协会，不同的栖息地湿度和人为压力。a . Artemisio rupestris-Betuletum pendulae Ass. 11 . hoc loco(命名类型(holotypus hoc loco) -表5，相关资料5(野外编号L16-293)， N . 5341704, E . 76.61384)包括该类别东南部的白桦林，位于洼地和古湖沿岸城墙上。诊断种:黄花蒿(Artemisia abrotanum, A. rupestris, Koeleria cristata, Vicia cracca)。病毒盲蝽(Hieracio virrois - tremulleae assa . nov. hoc loco)(命名类型(holotypus hoc loco):表6，相关文献9(场号L07-021)， N 52.92644, E 79.71519)。包括在盐湖的沙地梯田上的白杨或稀有白桦林。诊断种:Chenopodium album、Hieracium virosum、Leonurus glaucescens、Populus tremula、Ribes aureum) Ass. Berteroo incane - betuletum pendulae Lashchinskiy et Lashchinskaya 2012在Priobskoe高原已有报道(Lashchinskiy, Lashchinskaya, 2012)。新纲与先前已知的Peucedano morisonii - betulependae联盟的句法群有明显的区别，其中包括Brachy- podio-Betuletea纲中最干燥的群落。新类的确定分布区域覆盖了西西伯利亚平原南部从乌拉尔到鄂毕河流域的草原带北部。它的北部边界与草原和森林草原地带的边界相当吻合，而南部边界与西西伯利亚平原和跨西伯利亚高原的森林边界相当吻合。

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Carici supinae–Betuletea pendulae — new forest vegetation class in steppe zone of West Siberian plain and Transural Plateau

The steppe zone occupies only the southernmost part of West Siberian plain and Transural Plateau, approximately between 54° and 52° N. Zonal communities are species-rich grasslands (Isachenko, Rachkovskaya, 1961; Lapshina, Lavrenko, 1985), but due to relief and geological substrates there are numerous isolated saucer-shaped suffosion depression among flat steppe landscape occupied by small (0.5–1.5 ha) forest massifs. Previously such landscapes were described as “false forest-steppe” or “kolok steppe” following local term “kolok” that is the forest “island”. In some areas such “forest islands” occupy up to 20 % of whole area that makes difficult to identify the border between steppe and forest-steppe zones, in particular in anthropogenically transformed landscape. Until now, there is no information on the structure and floristic composition of such forests, except for brief mentiones in papers on steppe vegetation. The main aim of this paper is to assess the diversity of the deciduous forests in the steppe zone within the study area and establish their syntaxonomical position in the floristic classification. The research is based on 376 original relevés performed by authors in 2007–2016 years in steppe zone from Urals on the west to the Ob river valley on the east. Small intrazonal forest massifs are described as a part of the new class wich contains one order, two alliances and seven associations with four subassociations. Class Carici supinae–Betuletea pendulae class nov. hoc loco. Nomenclature type (holotypus hoc loco) is the order Carici supinae–Betuletalia pendulae ord. nov hoc loco. Diagnostic species: Artemisia austriaca, A. pontica, A. sericea, Carex praecox, C. supina, Festuca rupicola, Medicago falcata, Phleum phleoides, Spiraea crenata, Thymus marschallianus, Veronica spicata, V. spuria; all are mesoxerophytes, most are typical for the steppe class Festuco–Brometea. Order Carici supinae–Betuletalia pendulae ord. nov. hoc loco. Nomenclature type (holotypus hoc loco) is the alliance Sileno nutantis–Betulion pendulae all. nov. hoc loco. Diagnostic species are the same as for class. There are two alliances differing in geographic distribution and habitats within the order. Alliance Sileno nutantis–Betulion pendulae all. nov. hoc loco. Nomenclature type (holotypus hoc loco) is the ass. Sileno nutantis–Betuletum pendulae ass. nov. hoc loco. Diagnostic species: Adenophora lilifolia, Campanula bononiensis, C. wolgensis, Euphorbia subtilis, Galium boreale, Plantago urvillei, Xanthoselinum alsaticum. Association includes deciduous, mostly birch, forests which occur on well-drained plains as small massifs in river valleys and in suffosion depressions. There are four associations differing by habitat moistening within the alliance. Ass. Sileno nutantis–Betuletum pendulae ass. nov. hoc loco (nomenclature type (holotypus hoc loco) — Table 1, relevé 5 (field number L13-035), N 53.09602°, E 60.91305°) unites forests at the base of the northoriented slopes and on the periphery of the large suffosion depressions throughout the class distribution area. Diagnostic species = alliance diagnostic species.) Ass. Pulsatillo patentis–Betuletum pendulae ass. nov. hoc loco (nomenclature type (holotypus hoc loco) —Table 2, relevé 6 (field number L12-134), N 52.46126°, E 60.32398°) includes forest massifs from the driest habitats in the south-western part of the class distribution area near the border between West Siberian plain and Kazakh Upland. Diagnostic species: Achillea nobilis, Antennaria dioica, Gyp- sophila altissima, Helictotrichon desertorum, Hieracium echioides, Onosma simplicissima, Pulsatilla patens, Ve- ronica incana). Subass. Pulsatillo patentis–Betuletum pendulae typicum (Table. 2, relevé 1–13). Physiognomy, no- menclature type and diagnostic species are the same as for the association. Subass. Pulsatillo patentis–Betuletum pendulae populetosum tremulae subass. nov. hoc loco (nomenclature type (holotypus hoc loco) — Table 2, relevé 17 (field number L15-074), N 52.05014°, E 59.14092°) includes small massifs of aspen forest from western border of the class distribution area. Diagnostic species: Artemisia armeniaca, Asparagus officinalis, Fritillaria ruthenica, Hylotelephium stepposum, Myosotis imitata, Populus tremula (dom.), Salvia stepposa, Stipa pennata). Ass. Brachypodio pinnati–Betuletum pendulae ass. nov. hoc loco (nomenclature type (holotypus hoc loco) — Table 3, relevé 8 (field number L13-130), N 55.32487, E 64.62582) may be considered as transitional syntaxon between classes Carici supinae–Betuletea pendulae and Brachypodio pinnati–Betuletea pendulae. Diagnostic species: Brachypodium pinnatum, Calamagrostis arundinacea, Polygonatum odoratum). Association includes two subassociations —Brachypodio pinnati–Betuletum pendulae typicum and Brachypodio pinnati–Betuletum pendulae galietosum tinctorii differing by geographical distribution. Ass. Carici distichae–Betuletum pendulae ass. nov. hoc loco (nomenclature type (holotypus hoc loco) — Table 4, relevé 8 (field number L13-089), N 54.11368, E 61.82870) includes forests in suffosion depressions which are transitional to the class Alnetea glutinosae. Diagnostic species: Calamagrostis canescens, Carex disticha, C. melanostachya, Lysimachia vulgaris, Phalaroides arundinacea, Poa palustris, Ptarmica cartilaginea, Salix cinerea, Veronica longifolia). Alliance Artemisio dracunculi–Betulion pendulae all. nov. hoc loco (nomenclature type (holotypus hoc loco) is the ass. Artemisio rupestris–Betuletum pendulae) includes small massifs of deciduous for- ests in suffosion depressions with poor drainage, more common in eastern part of West Siberian plain. Diagnostic species: Artemisia dracunculus, Berteroa incana, Festuca valesiaca, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Peucedanum morisonii, Rosa laxa). Alliance includes three associa- tions differing by habitat moistening and anthropogenic pressure. Ass. Artemisio rupestris–Betuletum pendulae ass. nov. hoc loco (nomenclature type (holotypus hoc loco) — Table 5, relevé 5 (field number L16-293), N 53.41704, E 76.61384) includes birch forests in south-eastern part of class the area in suffosion depressions and on ancient lake coastal ramparts. Diagnostic species: Artemisia abrotanum, A. rupestris, Koeleria cristata, Vicia cracca) Ass. Hieracio virosi–Populetum tremulae ass. nov. hoc loco (nomenclature type (holotypus hoc loco): Table 6, relevé 9 (field number L07-021), N 52.92644, E 79.71519). includes aspen or rare birch forests on sandy terraces of salt lakes. Diagnostic species: Chenopodium album, Hieracium virosum, Leonurus glaucescens, Populus tremula, Ribes aureum) Ass. Berteroo incanae–Betuletum pendulae Lashchinskiy et Lashchinskaya 2012 was previously described from Priobskoe plateau (Lashchinskiy, Lashchinskaya, 2012). There is the well-pronounced difference between new class and previously known syntaxa of the alliance Peucedano morisonii–Betulion pendulae which includes the driest communities in the class Brachy- podio-Betuletea. The identified distribution area of the new class covers the northern part of the steppe zone in the southern part of West Siberian plain from Urals to the Ob river valley. Its northern limit coincides quite well with the border between steppe and forest-steppe zones, while southern one does with the forest boundary on West Siberian plain and Transural Plateau.

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来源期刊

Rastitel''nost'' Rossii Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Plant Science

CiteScore

1.20

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： The scientific journal Rastitel''nost'' Rossii is included in the Scopus database. Publisher country is Russia. The main subject areas of published articles are Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Plant Science, Общая биология.