Cauda Equina Syndrome Caused by Lumbar Vertebral Fracture in an Elderly Patient with Ankylosing Spondylitis

Abstract Background: Cauda equina syndrome [CES] in patients with ankylosing spondylitis [AS] is an important neurological complication characterized by low back and leg pain, impotence, urinary incontinence, sensory deficits, and motor dysfunction. Vertebral fractures in the course of AS have been found most often in the cervical region, followed in prevalence by the thoracic region but only rarely in the lumbosacral region. Findings: We present an elderly patient with AS who developed spondylolisthesis at the L4–L5 level and CES following a low-energy fracture. Conclusion: Vertebral fractures in course of AS is especially more common in elderly patients with long-standing disease. Early diagnosis and treatment might improve the clinical outcome and might prevent complications.