{"title":"将穴居形态与掠夺性土壤节肢动物的行为联系起来:在大陆鱼化石上的应用","authors":"Daniel I. Hembree","doi":"10.26879/1257","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Predatory arthropods are known from terrestrial environments since the Silurian. Many of these animals have developed morphological and behavioral adaptations for living within soil environments. Ichnofossils are common in Paleozoic paleosols, yet most are of uncertain origin and may record a hidden diversity of predatory arthropods. These ichnofossils are especially important given the relatively poor preservation potential of soil invertebrates in the environments they inhabit. To better understand the morphology and uses of predatory soil arthropod burrows, laboratory experiments were conducted with centipedes, scorpions, whip scorpions, and spiders. Specimens were placed in sediment-filled terrariums for 1 to 36 weeks. The animals were observed continuously using digital recordings to monitor their behaviors and use of their burrows. Open burrows were cast and described qualitatively and quantitatively. The animals burrowed using various techniques including intrusion, compression, excavation, and backfilling. Some burrows were occupied for short intervals (2-5 days) before being abandoned, whereas others were permanently occupied. Burrows ranged from simple vertical shafts to complex, branching networks that served as temporary to permanent dwellings, and most were used as sites for ambush predation or as prey traps. The different predatory arthropods produced unique burrows that could be linked to specific behaviors. Distinct burrow features were linked to predatory activities including vertical shafts, multiple surface openings, branching tunnel networks, and expanded chambers. These data can be applied to continental ichnofossils to improve our understanding of the evolution of terrestrial predatory arthropods, their distribution through time, and interpretations of the paleoecology of ancient soil ecosystems. Daniel I. Hembree. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA, dhemre2@utk.edu","PeriodicalId":56100,"journal":{"name":"Palaeontologia Electronica","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0000,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Linking burrow morphology to the behaviors of predatory soil arthropods: Applications to continental ichnofossils\",\"authors\":\"Daniel I. Hembree\",\"doi\":\"10.26879/1257\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Predatory arthropods are known from terrestrial environments since the Silurian. Many of these animals have developed morphological and behavioral adaptations for living within soil environments. Ichnofossils are common in Paleozoic paleosols, yet most are of uncertain origin and may record a hidden diversity of predatory arthropods. These ichnofossils are especially important given the relatively poor preservation potential of soil invertebrates in the environments they inhabit. To better understand the morphology and uses of predatory soil arthropod burrows, laboratory experiments were conducted with centipedes, scorpions, whip scorpions, and spiders. Specimens were placed in sediment-filled terrariums for 1 to 36 weeks. The animals were observed continuously using digital recordings to monitor their behaviors and use of their burrows. Open burrows were cast and described qualitatively and quantitatively. The animals burrowed using various techniques including intrusion, compression, excavation, and backfilling. Some burrows were occupied for short intervals (2-5 days) before being abandoned, whereas others were permanently occupied. Burrows ranged from simple vertical shafts to complex, branching networks that served as temporary to permanent dwellings, and most were used as sites for ambush predation or as prey traps. The different predatory arthropods produced unique burrows that could be linked to specific behaviors. Distinct burrow features were linked to predatory activities including vertical shafts, multiple surface openings, branching tunnel networks, and expanded chambers. These data can be applied to continental ichnofossils to improve our understanding of the evolution of terrestrial predatory arthropods, their distribution through time, and interpretations of the paleoecology of ancient soil ecosystems. Daniel I. Hembree. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA, dhemre2@utk.edu\",\"PeriodicalId\":56100,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Palaeontologia Electronica\",\"volume\":\"40 1\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-01-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Palaeontologia Electronica\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"89\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.26879/1257\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"地球科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"Earth and Planetary Sciences\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Palaeontologia Electronica","FirstCategoryId":"89","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.26879/1257","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","Score":null,"Total":0}
Linking burrow morphology to the behaviors of predatory soil arthropods: Applications to continental ichnofossils
Predatory arthropods are known from terrestrial environments since the Silurian. Many of these animals have developed morphological and behavioral adaptations for living within soil environments. Ichnofossils are common in Paleozoic paleosols, yet most are of uncertain origin and may record a hidden diversity of predatory arthropods. These ichnofossils are especially important given the relatively poor preservation potential of soil invertebrates in the environments they inhabit. To better understand the morphology and uses of predatory soil arthropod burrows, laboratory experiments were conducted with centipedes, scorpions, whip scorpions, and spiders. Specimens were placed in sediment-filled terrariums for 1 to 36 weeks. The animals were observed continuously using digital recordings to monitor their behaviors and use of their burrows. Open burrows were cast and described qualitatively and quantitatively. The animals burrowed using various techniques including intrusion, compression, excavation, and backfilling. Some burrows were occupied for short intervals (2-5 days) before being abandoned, whereas others were permanently occupied. Burrows ranged from simple vertical shafts to complex, branching networks that served as temporary to permanent dwellings, and most were used as sites for ambush predation or as prey traps. The different predatory arthropods produced unique burrows that could be linked to specific behaviors. Distinct burrow features were linked to predatory activities including vertical shafts, multiple surface openings, branching tunnel networks, and expanded chambers. These data can be applied to continental ichnofossils to improve our understanding of the evolution of terrestrial predatory arthropods, their distribution through time, and interpretations of the paleoecology of ancient soil ecosystems. Daniel I. Hembree. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA, dhemre2@utk.edu
期刊介绍:
Founded in 1997, Palaeontologia Electronica (PE) is the longest running open-access, peer-reviewed electronic journal and covers all aspects of palaeontology. PE uses an external double-blind peer review system for all manuscripts. Copyright of scientific papers is held by one of the three sponsoring professional societies at the author''s choice. Reviews, commentaries, and other material is placed in the public domain. PE papers comply with regulations for taxonomic nomenclature established in the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature and the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants.