Factors Influencing Biomechanics during Pregnancy and Ergonomic Modifications to Alleviate Discomfort: A Descriptive Review

This in-depth analysis covers the biomechanical changes that take place during pregnancy and the effectiveness of ergonomic therapies for reducing pain and enhancing maternal wellbeing. Significant physiological changes brought on by pregnancy affect many aspects of the body, including biomechanics. During pregnancy, the lower back and lumbopelvic region are particularly prone to pain and musculoskeletal problems. A variety of factors, including weight growth, hormone changes, ligament elasticity, and postural changes, affect how the body moves and put more strain on the musculoskeletal system. Pregnant workers' biomechanical stress at work is made worse by occupational factors like physical demands and poor ergonomics. Various ergonomic solutions have been recommended during pregnancy to reduce discomfort and improve biomechanics. These include auxiliary devices (such as pregnancy belts, support bands), activity adaptations, psychosocial support, workplace modifications (such as adjustable workstations, supportive seats), and education and communication to empower women with knowledge of ideal body mechanics. The use of these therapies throughout pregnancy can increase comfort, preserve musculoskeletal health, and promote general wellbeing. This study emphasises the numerous effects on pregnancy biomechanics and stresses the value of integrating and synthesising already available information. Healthcare professionals, companies, and individuals can significantly reduce discomfort and promote a healthier and more comfortable pregnant experience by implementing evidence-based ergonomic changes.