晚育对学校教育的影响。

S. Hofferth, Lori L. Reid, F. Mott
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引用次数: 297

摘要

在最近的研究中,青少年生育对年轻女性上学的影响比之前的研究要小。这一差异被归因于后来的对照研究中使用了早育和不早育的年轻女性之间未测量的差异,但这可能反映了早育的影响随着时间的推移而变化。方法采用全国青年劳动力市场经验纵向调查和收入动态面板研究的数据来确定这种差异的原因。逻辑回归、普通最小二乘回归和固定效应模型检验了早育对高中毕业率和大学出勤率的影响,以及到29岁为止完成教育的年数。结果两组数据显示,青少年出生对入学率和完成学业的年数有显著的负面影响。例如,青少年母亲比那些推迟到30岁或更晚才生第一胎的妇女少接受1.9-2.2年的教育。此外,与30岁或30岁以上生育的女性相比,少女母亲完成高中学业的几率为10-12%,接受高等教育的几率为14-29%。年轻母亲和没有孩子的同龄人之间未被观察到的差异会减少,但不会消除早产的影响。对高中毕业率的影响在最近一段时间有所下降,因为越来越多的年轻女性完成了高中学业,无论她们第一次生育的时间是什么。然而,在20世纪60年代初至90年代初,晚育者和早育者在高等教育入学率上的差距从27个百分点扩大到44个百分点。鉴于目前大学教育的重要性,今天的青少年子女至少和过去几代人一样处于不利地位。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The effects of early childbearing on schooling over time.
CONTEXT In recent studies, the effects of teenage childbearing on the schooling of young women have been smaller than those in earlier research. The discrepancy has been attributed to the use in the later studies of controls for unmeasured differences between young women who start childbearing early and those who do not, but could instead reflect changes in the effect of early childbearing over time. METHODS Data from the National Longitudinal Survey of the Labor Market Experience of Youth and the Panel Study of Income Dynamics are used to identify the reasons for this difference. Logistic regression, ordinary least-squares regression and fixed-effects models examine the impact of early childbearing on rates of high school graduation and college attendance, and number of years of schooling completed through age 29. RESULTS The two data sets show a significant negative impact of a teenage birth on rates and years of completed schooling. For example, teenage mothers complete 1.9-2.2 fewer years of education than do women who delay their first birth until age 30 or older. Moreover, compared with women who give birth at age 30 or older, teenage mothers have odds of high school completion 10-12% as high and odds of postsecondary schooling 14-29% as high. Unobserved differences between young mothers and their childless peers reduce, but do not eliminate, the effects of early births. Effects on high school completion declined in recent periods because more young women completed high school, regardless of the timing of their first birth. However, the gap between early and later childbearers in postsecondary school attendance widened from 27 to 44 percentage points between the early 1960s and the early 1990s. CONCLUSIONS Given the current importance of a college education, teenage childbearers today are at least as disadvantaged as those of past generations.
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