社会经济劣势与青春期妇女的性和生殖行为:以五个发达国家为例。

Susheela Singh, J. Darroch, J. Frost
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引用次数: 270

摘要

发达国家之间青少年性行为和生殖行为模式的差异可能部分反映了劣势程度的差异。然而,到目前为止,这种潜在的贡献几乎没有受到重视。方法加拿大、法国、英国、瑞典和美国的研究人员利用最新的调查和其他数据来研究青少年的性和生殖行为。在国家内部和国家之间进行比较,以评估这些行为与可能表明不利因素之间的关系。结果收入和教育水平较低的女性比生活条件较好的女性更容易在青春期生育。生育水平也与种族、民族和移民身份密切相关,但这些差异因国家而异。过早的性行为与收入关系不大,但受教育程度较低的年轻女性比受教育程度较高的女性更有可能在青春期开始性行为。在一些国家,初次性交时避孕措施的使用根据社会经济地位有很大差异,但在其他国家则没有。在各国内部,目前避孕药具的使用并没有因经济地位的不同而有很大差别,但在每个经济水平上,英国的使用都比美国高。不管她们的社会经济地位如何,美国女性最有可能在青少年时期生育。此外,与其他发达国家相比,美国青少年处于不利地位的比例更大。结论美国相对普遍的劣势有助于解释为什么美国青少年的出生率和怀孕率高于其他发达国家。改善美国青少年的性行为和生殖行为需要采取策略,减少在不利条件下成长的年轻人的数量,并帮助那些处于不利地位的人克服他们面临的障碍。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Socioeconomic disadvantage and adolescent women's sexual and reproductive behavior: the case of five developed countries.
CONTEXT Differences among developed countries in teenagers' patterns of sexual and reproductive behavior may partly reflect differences in the extent of disadvantage. However, to date, this potential contribution has received little attention. METHODS Researchers in Canada, France, Great Britain, Sweden and the United States used the most current survey and other data to study adolescent sexual and reproductive behavior. Comparisons were made within and across countries to assess the relationships between these behaviors and factors that may indicate disadvantage. RESULTS Adolescent childbearing is more likely among women with low levels of income and education than among their better-off peers. Levels of childbearing are also strongly related to race, ethnicity and immigrant status, but these differences vary across countries. Early sexual activity has little association with income, but young women who have little education are more likely to initiate intercourse during adolescence than those who are better educated. Contraceptive use at first intercourse differs substantially according to socioeconomic status in some countries but not in others. Within countries, current contraceptive use does not differ greatly according to economic status, but at each economic level, use is higher in Great Britain than in the United States. Regardless of their socioeconomic status, U.S. women are the most likely to give birth as adolescents. In addition, larger proportions of adolescents are disadvantaged in the United States than in other developed countries. CONCLUSIONS Comparatively widespread disadvantage in the United States helps explain why U.S. teenagers have higher birthrates andpregnancy rates than those in other developed countries. Improving U.S. teenagers' sexual and reproductive behavior requires strategies to reduce the numbers of young people growing up in disadvantaged conditions and to help those who are disadvantaged overcome the obstacles they face.
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