五个发达国家少女怀孕率的差异:性活动和避孕措施使用的作用。

J. Darroch, Susheela Singh, J. Frost
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引用次数: 391

摘要

在美国,青少年怀孕、生育、堕胎和性传播疾病(STD)的比率远远高于其他大多数发达国家。方法:在加拿大、美国、瑞典、法国和英国,政府统计数据或具有全国代表性的调查数据辅以私人组织或地区或当地人口收集的数据,对青少年生育、堕胎、性活动和避孕药具使用情况进行研究。结果:青少年生育在美国更为普遍(22%的女性报告在20岁之前有过孩子),而在英国(15%)、加拿大(11%)、法国(6%)和瑞典(4%);对于年龄更小的青少年来说,差异甚至更大。在美国,通过堕胎解决少女怀孕问题的比例低于其他国家;然而,由于怀孕率高,美国青少年的堕胎率最高。初次性行为的年龄在不同国家差别不大,但美国青少年最有可能有多个性伴侣。美国女性在第一次或最近的性交中没有使用避孕措施的比例(分别为25%和20%)高于法国(分别为11%和12%)、英国(分别为21%和4%)和瑞典(分别为22%和7%)。结论在解释5个发达国家青少年怀孕和生育水平差异时,避孕药具使用数据比性活动数据更为重要;然而,美国青少年中较高水平的多重性伙伴关系可能有助于解释他们较高的性病发病率。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Differences in teenage pregnancy rates among five developed countries: the roles of sexual activity and contraceptive use.
CONTEXT Adolescent pregnancy, birth, abortion and sexually transmitted disease (STD) rates are much higher in the United States than in most other developed countries. METHODS Government statistics or nationally representative survey data were supplemented with data collected by private organizations or for regional or local populations to conduct studies of adolescent births, abortions, sexual activity and contraceptive use in Canada, the United States, Sweden, France and Great Britain. RESULTS Adolescent childbearing is more common in the United States (22% of women reported having had a child before age 20) than in Great Britain (15%), Canada (11%), France (6%) and Sweden (4%); differences are even greater for births to younger teenagers. A lower proportion of teenage pregnancies are resolved through abortion in the United States than in the other countries; however, because of their high pregnancy rate, U.S. teenagers have the highest abortion rate. The age of sexual debut varies little across countries, yet American teenagers are the most likely to have multiple partners. A greater proportion of U.S. women reported no contraceptive use at either first or recent intercourse (25% and 20%, respectively) than reported nonuse in France (11% and 12%, respectively), Great Britain (21% and 4%, respectively) and Sweden (22% and 7%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Data on contraceptive use are more important than data on sexual activity in explaining variation in levels of adolescent pregnancy and childbearing among the five developed countries; however, the higher level of multiple sexual partnership among American teenagers may help explain their higher STD rates.
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