自由放养的雄性卡罗莱纳蜥蜴在繁殖期和繁殖期后的行为特征

IF 1.1 2区 生物学 Q3 ZOOLOGY
T. A. Jenssen, N. Greenberg, Katheryn A. Hovde
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引用次数: 149

摘要

在繁殖季节的5 - 7月间,对10只自由放养的雄性卡罗来纳斑蝽在河岸栖息地的行为进行了41 h的录像;在繁殖后季节的8 - 9月,对最初10只雄性中的8只和1只替代雄性中的1只进行了22小时的录像。繁殖期和非繁殖期的比较表明,在下列行为模式中所花费的时间百分比发生了巨大的变化:(1)“静止”,51.1%对85.6%(显示率分别为46/h对2/h);(2) “行驶”,26.7%对2.6%(分别为73米/小时和106米/小时,显示速度分别为209米/小时和78米/小时);(3) “蠕变”<1% vs . 14.1%(繁殖后距离率为17 m/h,显示率为15 m/h);(4)“求爱”,4.2%对0%(发生在1/40分钟内,显示率为233/h);(5)“交配”,6.1% vs 0%(发生1/7小时,每次平均15分钟);(6) “男性纠纷”,9.2%对0%(发生1次/小时,显示率为73次/小时);(7)“觅食”,1.0%对1.5%(发生1.2次/小时对3.6次/小时);(8)“躲避捕食者”、“喝水”、“排便”和“脱落”的比例分别为1.5%和0.2%。在所有情况下,繁殖季节和繁殖后季节的移动距离和展示速度分别为26米/小时和8米/小时,100次展示/小时和6次展示/小时。交配的雄性是一夫多妻的,并且在严密监控的范围内(x = 174 m3)保卫着与平均2.8只雌性重叠的栖息地。雄鱼利用所有可用的微生境,被认为是栖鱼的通才。在繁殖季节,雄性花三分之二的时间在距离地面0 - 2米之间的直径1-8厘米的栖木上,但在繁殖后的季节,雄性花更多的时间在更高和更细的栖木上,在此期间发生了大量的爬行和觅食。雄性表现出广泛的觅食行为,反映了一种多面手捕捉猎物的模式。进食开始于静止(坐等)、行进(边跑边吃)和爬行(主动搜索);更多的摄食事件从静止模式开始,但旅行(繁殖季节)和爬行(繁殖后季节)在单位时间内产生更多的摄食尝试。75%(繁殖季节)和87%(繁殖后季节)的雄性呈亮绿色。四种体色(亮绿色到巧克力棕色)之间的转换平均为4.7次(繁殖期)和1.0次(繁殖期后),在繁殖期保持亮绿色状态的时间明显短于繁殖期后(x = 27.1 min和89.6 min)。没有证据表明体色变化与底物颜色相匹配;然而,身体颜色从绿色到棕色的转变通常与社会互动的开始有关。可能与信息素接收或沉积有关的行为很少(<8次/h),最常发生在没有观察到社会行为的繁殖后季节。在此基础上,讨论了圈养对蜥蜴行为的影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
BEHAVIORAL PROFILE OF FREE-RANGING MALE LIZARDS, ANOLIS CAROLINENSIS, ACROSS BREEDING AND POST-BREEDING SEASONS
The behavior of 10 free-ranging male Anolis carolinensis was videotaped in a riparian habitat for 41 h during May-July of the breeding season; 8 of the original 10 males plus 1 substitute were videotaped for an additional 22 h during August-September of the post-breeding season. Comparisons of breeding versus non-breeding seasons showed dramatic shifts in the per- centage of time spent in the following behavioral modes: (1) "stationary," 51.1% versus 85.6% (with respective display rates of 46/h versus 2/h); (2) "travel," 26.7% versus 2.6% (with respective distance rates of 73 m/h versus 106 m/h and display rates of 209/h versus 78/h); (3) "creep," <1% versus 14.1% (with post-breeding distance rate of 17 m/h and display rate of 15/h); (4) "courtship," 4.2% versus 0% (occurring 1/40 min with a display rate of 233/h); (5) "copulation," 6.1% versus 0% (occurring 1/7 h, each averaging 15 min); (6) "male dispute," 9.2% versus 0% (occurring 1/h, with a display rate of 73/h); (7) "foraging," 1.0% versus 1.5% (occurring 1.2/h versus 3.6/h); and (8) "predator avoidance," "drinking," "defecation," and "shedding," total 1.5% versus 0.2%. Over all contexts, the respective breeding versus post-breeding season rates for distance moved and displaying were 26 m/h versus 8 m/h and 100 displays/h versus 6 displays/h. Breeding males were polygynous and defended exclusive, closely monitored home ranges (x = 174 m3) that overlapped an average of 2.8 resident females. Males used all available microhabitats and were considered perch generalists. Males spent two-thirds of their time between 0 and 2 m above the ground on perches 1-8 cm in diameter during the breeding season, but more often frequented higher and thinner perches in the post-breeding season, during which time much creeping and foraging occurred. Males exhibited a wide range of foraging behavior, reflecting a generalist's mode of prey capture. Feeding was initiated when stationary (sit-and-wait), traveling (eat-on-the-run), and creeping (active search); more feeding events were initiated from a stationary mode, but traveling (breeding season) and creeping (post-breeding season) produced more feeding attempts per unit of time. Males were bright green 75% (breeding season) and 87% (post-breeding season) of the time. Shifts between four categories of body colors (bright green to chocolate brown) averaged 4.7 (breeding season) and 1.0 changes/h (post-breeding season), with a bright green state maintained for significantly shorter durations during the breeding period than after the breeding period (x = 27.1 and 89.6 min, respectively). There was no evidence that change in body color was matching substrate color; however, green-to-brown shifts in body color were usually associated with the initiation of social interactions. Behaviors possibly associated with pheromone reception or deposition were infrequent (<8 times/h), occurring most often in the post-breeding season when no social behavior was observed. Based on our results, the influence of captivity on lizard behavior is discussed.
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来源期刊
Herpetological Monographs
Herpetological Monographs 生物-动物学
CiteScore
5.40
自引率
0.00%
发文量
2
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Since 1982, Herpetological Monographs has been dedicated to original research about the biology, diversity, systematics and evolution of amphibians and reptiles. Herpetological Monographs is published annually as a supplement to Herpetologica and contains long research papers, manuscripts and special symposia that synthesize the latest scientific discoveries.
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