Takotsubo cardiomyopathy: etiology, diagnosis, and optimal management

Abstract: Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, also known as stress-induced cardiomyopathy or apical ballooning syndrome, is a condition of stress-induced apical hypokinesis in the setting of a preserved basal segment. It has become increasingly recognized and described. While it can mimic the presentation of an acute myocardial infarction, it is a transient phenomenon, and ventricular systolic function typically recovers completely. We review the relevant literature over the past 2 decades regarding the pathophysiology, diagnosis, epidemiology, management, and prognosis of this condition. Keywords: apical ballooning syndrome, takotsubo cardiomyopathy, stress-induced cardio-myopathy, myocardial infarction, heart failure Introduction Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC), also known as stress-induced cardiomyopathy or apical ballooning syndrome (ABS), is a condition most frequently characterized by dysfunction of the apical and mid-portions of the myocardium, with a relatively preserved or hyperkinetic base.