ANALYTICAL SOLUTIONS TO THE PROBLEMS OF COMPENSATION OF NEAR-SURFACE HETEROGENEITY IN SEISMIC EXPLORATION USING SEISMIC REFLECTION METHOD

The solution of the problem of compensation of the near-surface heterogeneity (NSH) is an obligatory component of the digital processing technology of CDP data. The main result in the theory of solving this problem was determined by the equation of the normal traveltime curve of the common mid point with an additive component describing static corrections at the points of shotpoint and geophone. The substantiation of methods for compensation of heterogeneity based on the structure of high-speed model of the NSH is carried out in the present paper. Three variants of the NSH model corresponding to the zone of low velocities, heterogeneity of underlying bedrock deposits and variable relief of daytime surface are considered. The research subject is analytical methods for solving the problem of field continuation aimed at eliminating the influence of NSH on the kinematic parameters of wave field: method of static corrections and parametric method. Applications of methods are determined by the ratio of near-surface section velocities and underlying deposits. The requirements to the methodology of field observations and digital data processing ensuring the uniqueness of problem solution are considered for the compensation problem of heterogeneity of low-velocity zone.