Genetic diversity study of Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) populations via molecular markers

The objective of this study was to determine the genetic diversity among Chrysoperla carnea samples collected from different locations of Iran (including, East-Azerbaijan, West-Azerbaijan, Isfahan, Kerman, Kermanshah, Lorestan, Mazandaran, Gilan, Hormozgan and Hamedan provinces) using the Inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and mitochondrial (Cytochrome Oxidase I - COI) molecular markers in 2016-2018. The results showed that a total of 64 bands were produced by ten primers of ISSR markers which among them 43 bands were polymorphic. The highest and lowest polymorphic percentages belonged to primer UBC-809 (88.88%) and primer UBC-886 (33.33%), respectively. The results of cluster analysis based on ISSR marker data divided the samples into three separate clusters. This grouping was also confirmed by analysis of molecular variance. According to the results of the analysis of molecular variance diversity within and among groups was about 84% and 16%, respectively. In the present study five haplotypes were obtained. The first haplotype (H1) was common in all populations which can be considered as the ancestral haplotype, the other haplotypes have been evolved from it. The novelty of this study is that we report the first time genetic diversity analysis of family Chrysopidae using ISSR and CO1 markers covering more than ten provinces and thirty cities of Iran with a full picture of its genetic diversity. Genetic distance matrix based on Jaccard index indicated low genetic distance of populations. The results showed that ISSR and CO1 markers have high efficiency in study of genetic diversity in the family Chrysopidae.