20世纪30年代斯大林主义制度下的外贝加尔湖华人人口

IF 0.1 Q3 HISTORY
V. Datsyshen
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引用次数: 1

摘要

这篇文章专门介绍了20世纪30年代在东西伯利亚与中国接壤的外贝加尔地区的中国人的历史。这个边区的特殊位置决定了这个中国人口的特殊形成。20世纪30年代,外贝加尔地区从远东地区转移回西伯利亚行政单位,加强了华人社区发展的西伯利亚地域特征,意味着远东民族政策不再适用于该社区。20世纪30年代,中国与满洲的边界完全关闭,这一事实影响了这个社区的发展。满洲国和中华民国在中国都有官方代表。在20世纪30年代初,外贝加尔的中国人口规模达到了最大值,在奇塔地区,中国人口占总人口的比例与远东地区相当。在20世纪30年代,大多数中国工人的工作和生活条件都很艰苦:他们面临歧视,很难适应斯大林制度下的社会政治现实。最初,布尔什维克对中国人实行积极的政策,目的是对他们进行思想和政治再教育,改善他们的生活和工作条件。然而,在20世纪30年代下半叶,这一政策发生了变化,政治教育和苏维埃中国文化的发展不再突出。中国人开始被认为是一个不忠于苏联政权的民族团体,是日本和国民党中国的真实或潜在代理人。1936年开始揭露中国间谍,1937年至1939年,苏联华人完全受到苏联秘密服务和惩罚机构的暴政,并遭受了巨大的政治压迫。到20世纪30年代末,外贝加尔湖的中国人数量减少了近三分之一;然而,情况与远东边境地区的情况不同,因为外贝加尔地区没有大规模驱逐中国人。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The Chinese Population of Transbaikalia under the Conditions of the Stalinist System in the 1930s
The article is devoted to the history of the Chinese population in the East Siberian border region with China, Transbaikal, in the 1930s. The particular position of this border region determined the specific formation of this Chinese population. The transfer of the Transbaikal region from the Far Eastern region back to the administrative unit of Siberia in the 1930s strengthened the Siberian regional features of the development of the Chinese community, and meant that the Far Eastern nationality policy was not applied to this community. The development of this community was influenced by the fact that in the 1930s, the state border with Manchuria was completely closed. The Manchukuo state, along with the Republic of China, had its official representatives in Chita. In the early 1930s the size of the Chinese population in Transbaikal reached a maximum, and in the Chita region its share in relation to the total population was equal to that in the Far Eastern regions. In the 1930s the working and living conditions of the majority of Chinese workers were difficult: they faced discrimination and were poorly adapted to the socio-political realities of Stalin's system. Initially the Bolsheviks carried out an active policy towards the Chinese that was aimed at their ideological and political re-education and the improving of their living and working conditions. In the second half of the 1930s, however, this policy changed, and political education and the development of a Soviet Chinese culture were no longer prominent. The Chinese began to be perceived as a national community disloyal to the Soviet regime, as real or potential agents of Japan and Kuomintang China. In 1936 began the exposure of Chinese spies, and in 1937-1939 the Soviet Chinese were fully subjected to the tyranny of the Soviet secret services and punitive agencies, and suffered greatly from political repression. By the late 1930s the number of Chinese in Transbaikal had decreased by almost a third; however, the situation was different from that in the border regions of the Far East in so far as there was no mass eviction of Chinese from the Transbaikal area.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.40
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