行走时躯干肌肉的生理肌电图激活模式

M. Cioni, M. Pisasale, Salvatore Abela, T. Belfiore, M. Micale
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引用次数: 9

摘要

众所周知,尽管躯干在姿势、运动和自主运动中起着至关重要的作用,但与上肢和下肢相比,研究人员对其的关注较少。另一方面,对上运动神经元综合征患者的康复干预一直侧重于对其站、坐、行时躯干姿势的治疗和恢复。躯干是一个复杂的解剖结构,由大量的骨骼、关节、韧带和肌肉组成。从功能的角度来看,躯干肌肉被细分为两个系统:一个确保稳定的局部系统和一个使运动的全局系统。这两个系统的肌肉根据功能需要,通过偏心和同心收缩来工作。令人惊讶的是,在文献报道中,只有少数关于躯干肌肉在行走过程中激活的研究。这些研究调查了不同实验条件下的肌电图激活模式,如在人行道上行走,在不同速度的跑步机上行走,在水中或深水中行走。此外,通过分析每块肌肉的肌电记录的时间和幅度的定性和定量特征,或通过其他更复杂的方法,如聚类分析或主成分分析,进行不同的数据分析。最后,在正常人群中也观察到一些变异,包括性别差异。这篇综述的目的是展示这一主题在正常科目中的研究现状。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Physiological Electromyographic Activation Patterns of Trunk Muscles During Walking
It is well known that, in spite of its crucial role in the posture, locomotion and voluntary movements, trunk has received less consideration from researchers than upper and lower limbs. On the other hand, rehabilitative interventions of patients with upper motoneuron syndrome have always been focused firstly on treatment and recovery of trunk's posture during standing, sitting and walking. Trunk is a complex anatomical structure and it is composed by a large variety of bones, articulations, ligaments and muscles. From a functional point of view, trunk muscles have been subdivided into two systems: a local system which ensures stability and a global system which enables movements. Muscles of these two systems work by eccentric and concentric contractions, according to the functional needs. Surprisingly, in the literature are reported only a few studies regarding the trunk muscle activations during walking. These studies investigated the electromyographic activation patterns in different experimental conditions as walking on a walkway, over a treadmill at different velocities, in water or in deep-water. Furthermore, data analysis was differently performed by analyzing the qualitative and quantitative features of timing and amplitude of electromyographic recordings for each muscle or by other more sophisticated methods as cluster analysis or principal components analysis. Finally, some variability has been observed in the normal population also including sex differences. The aim of this review is to show the state of art of this topic, in normal subjects.
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