Dene-Caucasian音系的一些特征(特别提到巴斯克语)

Q4 Social Sciences
J. Bengtson
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引用次数: 2

摘要

巴斯克语长期以来一直让历史语言学家感到困惑。直到今天,许多人都放弃了,并得出结论,巴斯克语与所有其他语言都是无可救药的孤立,也没有希望将其与任何其他语言或语族最终联系起来。然而,至少一个世纪以来,少数语言学家(如BLEICHSTEINER、BOUDA、FURNEE、LAFON、SAPIR、SHAFER、SWADESH、TAILLEUR、TOPOROV、TROMBETTI)瞥见了我们现在所说的deni - caucasian语言(宏)家族。这些学者认为,他们可以发现一个古老语系的痕迹,它包含了欧亚大陆北部的一些语系和孤立的语系(并延伸到北美),消极地定义为那些不符合发展中的亚非语系(哈密托-闪米特语)和诺查特语系的大语系。这些实体是巴斯克人、高加索人、布鲁哈斯基人、叶尼塞人、汉藏人和那德纳人。在20世纪80年代早期,莫斯科的Sergei A. STAROSTIN发表了一些论文,恢复了这些观点,尽管这一次采用了严格的科学方法(包括语音学年表、语音对应和重建),最终将高加索家族与汉藏和叶尼塞家族的深层遗传关系建立在更坚实的基础上。STAROSTIN称这个家族为“中国-高加索”,他的同事谢尔盖·l·尼古拉耶夫(Sergei L. NIKOLAYEV)扩大了这个家族的范围,把北美的Na-Dene家族也包括在内。这些论文的英文译本发表在维塔利·舍沃罗什金(Vitaly SHEVOROSHKIN, 1991)编辑的一本名为《Dene-Sino-Caucasian Languages》的书中,“Dene-Caucasian”一词在该假说的支持者和反对者中广泛流行,尽管STAROSTIN仍然使用“Sino-Caucasian”。同样在20世纪80年代,阿布哈兹学者维亚切斯拉夫·a·奇里克巴发表了一篇简短的文章,试图恢复遗传关系的假设
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Some features of Dene-Caucasian phonology (with special reference to Basque)
The Basque language has long mystified historical linguists. Many to this day have given up and concluded that Basque is hopelessly isolated from all other languages, and there is no hope of conclusively linking it with any other language or language family. However, for at least a century a minority of linguists (e.g., BLEICHSTEINER, BOUDA, FURNEE, LAFON, SAPIR, SHAFER, SWADESH, TAILLEUR, TOPOROV, TROMBETTI) have caught glimpses of what we now call the Dene-Caucasian language (macro-)family. These scholars thought they could discern traces of an old language family embracing some of the families and isolates of northern Eurasia (and extending into North America), negatively defined as those that did not fit into the developing hypotheses of Afro-Asiatic (Hamito-Semitic) and Nostratic macro-families. These entities are Basque, Caucasian, Burushaski, Yeniseian, Sino-Tibetan, and Na-Dene. In the early 1980’s Sergei A. STAROSTIN of Moscow published papers reviving these ideas, though this time with strict scientific methods (including glottochronology, phonological correspondences, and reconstructions) that finally put the deep genetic relationship of the Caucasian family with the Sino-Tibetan and Yeniseian families on firmer ground. STAROSTIN called the family “Sino-Caucasian,” and his colleague Sergei L. NIKOLAYEV extended the family to include the Na-Dene family of North America. English translations of these papers were published in a book edited by Vitaly SHEVOROSHKIN (1991) entitled Dene-Sino-Caucasian Languages, and the term “Dene-Caucasian” became widely current among both proponents and opponents of the hypothesis, though STAROSTIN still uses “Sino-Caucasian.” Also in the 1980’s the Abkhaz scholar Viacheslav A. CHIRIKBA published a brief article in which he attempted to revive the hypothesis of a genetic relationship
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来源期刊
Cahiers de l''Institut de Linguistique de Louvain
Cahiers de l''Institut de Linguistique de Louvain Social Sciences-Linguistics and Language
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