A study of Steiner cephalometric norms for Chinese children

Ever since Broadbent introduced the basic techniques for radiographic cephalometry, this measurement method has been used in numerous studies of craniofacial growth, development, function, and ethnicity-related characteristics. Currently, many measurement methods have been standardized for Caucasians and Japanese, and have been applied in the clinical field of orthodontics. These methods have made it possible to assess the morphological features of the maxillofacial area, patterns of growth and development, and relationships between the teeth/dental arches and the jaws and face. In particular, the Steiner analysis focuses on the relationships between the ANB angle and the U1-to-NA angle/L1to-NB angle, and on the positions of the incisal edges of the maxillary and mandibular central incisors relative to the NA and NB lines. Steiner analysis is a method that determines the occlusal relationships of the anterior teeth according to the individual’s ANB angle to formulate goals for therapy. However, it is necessary to also consider age, sex, ethnicity, individual differences, and growth. To date, research on the relationships between the maxillofacial complex and dentition in Chinese has been inadequate ; in particular, there has been no systematic research on standard values in the healthy popuA study of Steiner cephalometric norms for Chinese children