阴极材料的水电化学脱锂作为从废锂离子电池中选择性回收锂的策略

IF 14 1区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED
Pier Giorgio Schiavi, Andrea Giacomo Marrani, Olga Russina, Ludovica D'Annibale, Francesco Amato, Francesca Pagnanelli, Pietro Altimari
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引用次数: 0

摘要

通过火法和湿法冶金回收工艺从报废锂离子电池(LIBs)中回收锂涉及多个精炼阶段,试剂和能源消耗高。一种有竞争力的技术选择是阴极材料的电化学氧化,通过这种方法,锂可以脱嵌并转移到电解质溶液中,而无需化学提取化合物的帮助。本文研究了在水溶液中通过直接电化学萃取从LIB阴极材料中选择性回收锂的潜力。该工艺允许从高纯度商业阴极材料(LiMn2O4、LiCoO2和LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2)中回收高达98%的Li,法拉第效率为98%,co、Ni和Mn的共萃取可忽略不计。然后,该工艺用于从电动汽车电池组物理处理获得的实际废弃LIBs黑色物质中回收Li。这种黑色物质含有石墨、导电碳和来自集电器和钢壳的金属杂质,这显著影响了锂电化学提取的演变和性能。特别地,由于伴随的杂质氧化,锂提取产率和法拉第效率低于用高纯度阴极材料获得的那些。发现铜氧化发生在所研究的电压范围内,但不能定量解释降低的锂提取性能。事实上,一项详细的研究表明,相对于Ag/AgCl,在1.3V以上,导电碳可以被氧化,有助于减少Li的提取。基于所报道的实验结果,提供了定量地从黑色物质中提取锂的指南,同时防止杂质的同时氧化,从而降低所提出的锂回收方法的能耗。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Aqueous electrochemical delithiation of cathode materials as a strategy to selectively recover lithium from waste lithium-ion batteries

Aqueous electrochemical delithiation of cathode materials as a strategy to selectively recover lithium from waste lithium-ion batteries

Lithium recovery from end-of-life Li-ion batteries (LIBs) through pyro- and hydrometallurgical recycling processes involves several refining stages, with high consumption of reagents and energy. A competitive technological alternative is the electrochemical oxidation of the cathode materials, whereby lithium can be deintercalated and transferred to an electrolyte solution without the aid of chemical extracting compounds. This article investigates the potential to selectively recover Li from LIB cathode materials by direct electrochemical extraction in aqueous solutions. The process allowed to recovering up to 98% of Li from high-purity commercial cathode materials (LiMn2O4, LiCoO2, and LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2) with a faradaic efficiency of 98% and negligible co-extraction of Co, Ni, and Mn. The process was then applied to recover Li from the real waste LIBs black mass obtained by the physical treatment of electric vehicle battery packs. This black mass contained graphite, conductive carbon, and metal impurities from current collectors and steel cases, which significantly influenced the evolution and performances of Li electrochemical extraction. Particularly, due to concomitant oxidation of impurities, lithium extraction yields and faradaic efficiencies were lower than those obtained with high-purity cathode materials. Copper oxidation was found to occur within the voltage range investigated, but it could not quantitatively explain the reduced Li extraction performances. In fact, a detailed investigation revealed that above 1.3 V vs. Ag/AgCl, conductive carbon can be oxidized, contributing to the decreased Li extraction. Based on the reported experimental results, guidelines were provided that quantitatively enable the extraction of Li from the black mass, while preventing the simultaneous oxidation of impurities and, consequently, reducing the energy consumption of the proposed Li recovery method.

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