The etching strategy of zinc anode to enable high performance zinc-ion batteries

Zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) are considered to be one of the most promising candidates to replace lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to the high theoretical capacity, low cost and intrinsic safety. However, zinc dendrites, hydrogen evolution reaction, surface passivation and other side reactions will inevitably occur during the charging and discharging process of Zn anode, which will seriously affect the cycle stability of the battery and hinder its practical application. The etching strategy of Zn anode has attracted wide attention because of its simple operation and broad commercial prospects, and the etched Zn anode can effectively improve its electrochemical performance. However, there is no comprehensive review of the etching strategy of Zn anode. This review first summarizes the challenges faced by Zn anode, then puts forward the etching mechanisms and properties of acid, salt and other etchants. Finally, based on the above discussion, the challenges and opportunities of Zn anode etching strategy are proposed.