自闭症谱系障碍儿童的饮食行为特征

Q3 Medicine
N. Smolko, R. Fayzullina, Y. Mukhamedshina
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引用次数: 0

摘要

目标。探讨营养和精神病理特征对自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童饮食行为发展的影响。患者和方法。对40例ASD患儿和40例正常对照组的营养和饮食行为特征进行了比较分析。两组患者年龄相近(3-8岁)。用于评估营养的方法包括回顾性饮食回忆,分析特定食物或膳食的消费频率,以及24小时饮食回忆调查。为了对儿童营养状况进行回顾性分析,我们为家长设计了一份问卷,同时考虑了自闭症儿童和正常对照组的饮食行为特征。结果。ASD患儿首次辅食的引入与神经正常对照组没有显著差异。ASD儿童饮食行为的第一个特点是在尝试扩大辅食种类时开始表现出来的。在57.5%的自闭症儿童中,明显的饮食行为障碍与神经心理发育的衰退同时发生。出现了食物选择性(72.5%的自闭症儿童),挑食(22.5%),一看到食物,稠度和颜色就呕吐(42.5%)和食物范围有限(70%),这实际上是不可能扩大的。对照组儿童营养状况多样。他们对新口味和食物的一致性感兴趣,只有16.7%的人注意到食物的选择性,而且不是那么明确。试图影响ASD儿童的健康状况,主要是减少精神运动性躁动,在37.5%的ASD儿童中使用消除饮食(无麸质和/或无酪蛋白),这在大多数儿童中显示出积极的效果。然而,它们的使用和持续时间通常没有与医生协调,这造成了儿童健康恶化的风险。结论。饮食失调并不总是被专家及时发现,需要特别注意,因为它们既可能是自闭症谱系障碍的症状,也可能导致疾病恶化。自闭症儿童拒绝吃以前吃过的食物、挑食和挑食通常与神经心理发育的退化相一致。在自闭症儿童中使用无麸质和/或无酪蛋白消除饮食应该是合理的。父母在没有医疗监督的情况下规定的限制和不平衡的饮食可能会加剧自闭症儿童的营养和健康问题。关键词:自闭症,儿童,饮食行为,营养,无谷蛋白饮食,无酪蛋白饮食
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Features of eating behavior in children with autism spectrum disorder
Objective. To study the effect of nutrition and psychopathological traits on the development of eating behavior in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Patients and methods. A comparative analysis of the features of nutrition and eating behavior in 40 children with ASD and 40 neurotypical controls was performed. Two patient groups were comparable in age (3–8 years). The methods used to assess nutrition included retrospective dietary recall, analysis of the frequency of consumption of specific foods or meals, and a 24-hour dietary recall survey. For retrospective analysis of children’s nutrition, we developed a questionnaire for parents, considering the characteristics of eating behavior in both children with ASD and neurotypical controls. Results. The introduction of first complementary foods in children with ASD did not differ significantly from neurotypical controls. The first peculiarities of eating behavior in children with ASD began to manifest themselves when trying to expand the variety of complementary foods. In 57.5% of children with ASD, clear disorders of eating behavior coincided with the onset of regression in neuropsychological development. There appeared food selectivity (in 72.5% of children with ASD), picky eating (in 22.5%), gagging at the sight, consistency, and color of food (in 42.5%) and a limited range of foods (in 70%), which was practically impossible to expand. The nutrition of children in the control group was diverse. They were interested in new tastes and consistency of foods, and food selectivity was noticed only in 16.7% of cases and was not so categorical. An attempt to influence the health status of children with ASD, primarily to reduce psychomotor agitation, was manifested in the use of elimination diets (gluten-free and/or casein-free) in 37.5% of children with ASD, which demonstrated a positive effect in most children. However, the indications for their use and duration were commonly not coordinated with a physician, which created a risk of deterioration in children’s health. Conclusion. Eating disorders are not always noticed by specialists in time and require special attention, as they can be both symptoms of ASD and contribute to disease aggravation. Refusal of children with ASD from previously consumed foods, selectivity, and picky eating commonly coincide with regression in neuropsychological development. The use of gluten-free and/or casein-free elimination diets in children with ASD should be justified. Restricted and unbalanced diets prescribed by parents without medical supervision may exacerbate the nutritional and health problems in children with ASD. Key words: autism spectrum disorder, children, eating behavior, nutrition, gluten-free diet, casein-free diet
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来源期刊
Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii
Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii Medicine-Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
CiteScore
1.20
自引率
0.00%
发文量
17
期刊介绍: The scientific journal Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii is included in the Scopus database. Publisher country is RU. The main subject areas of published articles are Food Science, Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health, Nutrition and Dietetics, Клиническая медицина.
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