Trade-offs analysis of sustainability dimensions using integer-valued data envelopment analysis

Conducting an in-depth exploration of trade-offs between sustainability aspects is a notable matter of taking decisions. Furthermore, there are many real world investigations that trade-offs and sustainability should be dealt with in the presence of desirable and undesirable materials while some of them accept integer amounts. Therefore, this study addresses trade-offs of sustainability dimensions when undesirable and integer-valued measures are presented. For this purpose, approaches based upon data envelopment analysis (DEA) are proposed. To explain, DEA models are introduced to calculate individual and group marginal rates of substitution and also directional marginal rates of substitution when integer and undesirable variables are observed. These procedures are applied to calculate tradeoffs between different sustainability dimensions, including economic, environmental and social ones. The applications of ports and industrial parks are provided to clarify the approaches appeared in this study. The results derived from the proposed strategies show the usefulness and validity of them.