被忽视的机会:服务贸易

IF 0.4 Q4 ECONOMICS
J. Jensen
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引用次数: 0

摘要

政治家喜欢制造业(几乎和他们喜欢农民一样多)。本届政府已经制定了一系列支持制造业的计划,并设定了“到2016年底创造100万个新的制造业就业岗位”的目标。“哎呀,雅各布。2016年5月5日,《华盛顿邮报》,“奥巴马增加100万个制造业岗位的难以实现的承诺”。来源:https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/obamas -难以捉摸的承诺- - - - - - -提供- 100万-新-制造- jobs/2016/05/05/717d8cd0 - 107 - 11 - e6 - 93 - ae - 50921721165 - d_story.html)。本届政府并不孤单,两大政党的总统候选人也都有关注制造业的政策——通常涉及对美国贸易政策的某种改变。克林顿在《跨太平洋伙伴关系协定》(Trans-Pacific Partnership, tpp)上出言不逊,特朗普进一步提议对来自中国的商品征收45%的关税,对来自墨西哥的商品征收35%的关税——所有这些似乎都是为了帮助制造业。虽然制造业的反弹是受欢迎的,但它不太可能对美国的总体就业状况产生实质性影响——2012年,制造业仅占劳动力的8%左右。更糟糕的是,对制造业的关注转移了人们对一个真正机会的关注:服务贸易。美国有很大的机会通过商业服务出口来促进经济增长。1980年至2010年期间,全球贸易增长了近7倍。服务贸易占世界贸易的份额从1980年的15%左右增加到2010年的20%。美国在全球服务贸易中所占的份额从1980年的10%左右增长到2010年的14%——在一个不断扩大的蛋糕中所占的份额越来越大。http://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/trade_data_e.htm)。新兴经济体中不断增长的中产阶级可能会增加全球对服务的需求[Eichengreen和Gupta(2009)证明了人均GDP与商业服务在GDP中的份额之间存在很强的相关性,这表明收入的增加与服务需求的增加有关]。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Overlooked Opportunity: Trade in Services
Abstract Politicians love the manufacturing sector (almost as much as they love farmers). The current administration has in place a number of programs to support the manufacturing and set as a goal to “create one million new manufacturing jobs by the end of 2016.” (Bogage, Jacob. “Obama’s elusive promise to add one million new manufacturing jobs,” Washington Post, May 5, 2016. Source: https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/obamas-elusive-promise-to-deliver-1-million-new-manufacturing-jobs/2016/05/05/717d8cd0-107a-11e6-93ae-50921721165d_story.html.) The current administration is not alone, both major party presidential nominees also have policies to focus on the manufacturing sector – often involving some type of change to US trade policy. Clinton has back-tracked on the Trans-Pacific Partnership trade agreement and Trump goes further to propose applying 45 percent tariffs on goods from China and 35 percent on goods from Mexico – all seemingly with an eye to aiding the manufacturing sector. While a rebound in the manufacturing sector would be welcome, it is unlikely to have a material impact on the aggregate US employment picture – in 2012, manufacturing accounted for only about 8 percent of the labor force. Worse, focusing on the manufacturing sector diverts attention from a real opportunity: trade in services. The United States has a significant opportunity for increased growth through exports of business services. Global trade increased almost 7-fold over the period 1980–2010. Services share of world trade has increased from about 15 percent in 1980 to 20 percent in 2010. The United States share of global services trade has grown from about 10 percent in 1980 to 14 percent in 2010 – a growing share of a growing pie (World Trade Organization website. http://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/trade_data_e.htm.). The growing middle-class in emerging economies will likely combine to increase demand for services globally [Eichengreen and Gupta (2009) demonstrate a strong correlation between GDP per capita and the share of business services in GDP, suggesting that rising incomes are associated with increased demand for services.].
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来源期刊
Economists Voice
Economists Voice ECONOMICS-
CiteScore
1.10
自引率
25.00%
发文量
9
期刊介绍: This journal is a non-partisan forum for economists to present innovative policy ideas or engaging commentary on the issues of the day. Readers include professional economists, lawyers, policy analysts, policymakers, and students of economics. Articles are short, 600-2000 words, and are intended to contain deeper analysis than is found on the Op-Ed page of the Wall Street Journal or New York Times, but to be of comparable general interest. We welcome submitted Columns from any professional economist. Letters to the editor are encouraged and may comment on any Column or Letter. Letters must be less than 300 words.
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