热液“吸烟者”、泥火山和气体渗漏对地球热效应的贡献

S. Goshovskyi, O. Zurian
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引用次数: 0

摘要

增加大气中一种危险的热气体——天然气的主要成分——甲烷浓度的问题。许多国家,特别是发达国家,目前正经历一种趋势,即对更严格的热气体排放和对低碳技术的兴趣日益浓厚,包括引入可持续发展、能源效率和开发减少热气体排放的技术。给出了甲烷排放的主要自然源和人为源。分析了人为和自然甲烷排放的比例,估算了不同排放源的比例。重点是大气中的甲烷排放总量和近年来甲烷浓度的增加。科学证实,地球脱气的来源之一是甲烷从世界海洋的海底泄漏到水面。已经确定了海底甲烷排放的主要来源。这些包括:泥火山;宏观和微观浸渍,地热水下温泉和火成岩火山(吸烟者)。总结和分析了不同地质源研究甲烷流形成和估算其全球排放量的各种方法的文献资料。CH4排放与陆地和海洋地质源的比值已经确定。确定了影响地质源甲烷排放的因素。提出了减少地质成因排放到大气中的可能方法。认为海上非常规油气储层甲烷收集、运输和储存的方法和技术手段的发展是有前景的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
THE CONTRIBUTION OF HYDROTHERMAL «SMOKERS», MUD VOLCANOES AND GAS SEEPS TO THE EARTH’S HEAT EFFECT
The problem of increasing the concentration in the atmosphere of one of the dangerous heat gases - methane, the main component of natural gas. Many countries, especially the developed world, are now experiencing a trend towards tougher heat gas emissions and growing interest in low-carbon technologies, including the introduction of sustainable development, energy efficiency and the development of technologies to reduce heat gas emissions. The main natural and anthropogenic sources of methane emissions are given. The analysis of the ratio of anthropogenic and natural methane emissions was performed, the ratio of different emission sources was estimated. The focus is on total methane emissions in the atmosphere and increasing methane concentrations in recent years. It is scientifically substan@ tiated that one of the sources of degassing of the Earth is the leakage of methane from the seabed of the world’s oceans to the water surface. The main sources of methane emissions from the seabed have been identified. These include: mud volcanoes; macro- and micro-impregnations, geothermal underwater springs and igneous volcanoes (smokers). The literature data on various approaches used to study the formation of methane flows and estimate its global emissions by different geological sources are summarized and analyzed. The ratio of CH4 emissions to terrestrial and marine geological sources has been established. Factors influencing methane emissions from geological sources are substantiated. Possible ways to reduce emissions of geological origin into the atmosphere are suggested. It is concluded that further research on the development of methodological and technical means of collecting, transporting and storing methane from offshore unconventional hydrocarbon deposits is promising.
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