cGA3-related differential proteomic analysis of Phalaris arundinacea seeds during dormancy and at its release

Herbage dormancy is a protective mechanism against adverse conditions, including low and irregular emergence rates during seeding. Phalaris arundinacea is an efficient C3 plant, which can be used for feed, fuel, water and soil conservation, and as an indicator plant for water eutrophication. Previous studies have found that its seeds are dormant, significantly affecting its agricultural use. However, the phytohormone gibberellic acid (GA3) can significantly shorten the dormancy period. GA3-related proteins that influence seed dormancy in P. arundinacea were investigated with two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Based on the green plant protein NCBI database, 30 proteins showed significantly increased expression after GA3 treatment. Of these, 16 were up-regulated and 14 down-regulated. Of these, 25 proteins were identified by MALDI-MS-TOF and 20 were functionally identified. The identified proteins were involved in sugar metabolism, protein metabolism, RNA synthesis, fat metabolism, signal transduction, transportation, cytoskeleton, redox reactions and biosynthetic pathways. We carried out a key analysis of four proteins identified based on the Poaceae pasture proteome. The results indicated that germination induced by GA3 may be related to increased levels of peroxidase promoting glucose 6-phosphate oxidation through the reversible redox reaction of hydroquinone and quinone, thereby promoting the pentose phosphate pathway and initiating the cessation of dormancy and the start germination.