内在动机,规范和环境行为:总体目标的动态

IF 1.2 Q3 ECONOMICS
L. Steg, S. Lindenberg, K. Keizer
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引用次数: 83

摘要

对亲环境行为(即尽可能少影响环境的行为)的理解、预测和鼓励在很大程度上取决于对亲环境行为的动机动力学的理解。在这篇综述文章中,我们讨论了关于这些动力学的最新进展。我们解释了行为背后三种目标的重要性:享乐目标(感觉良好)、获得目标(增加资源)和规范目标(适当行动)。这些目标的强度在不同的情况下是不同的,这影响了人们在这种情况下关注哪些方面,他们如何评估这些方面,以及他们做出哪些选择。我们描述了影响目标强度的因素,以及如何适当地加强规范性目标,以鼓励持续的亲环境行动。更具体地说,我们认为价值观会影响目标的长期强度。此外,在特定情境下,各种情境因素会影响目标的强度。这些情境因素解释了为什么人们没有稳定的偏好,为什么他们不总是按照他们优先考虑的价值观行事。最后,我们讨论了可用于鼓励亲环境行动的策略。这些策略要么旨在通过使享乐和/或收益目标与规范目标保持一致来减少不同目标之间的冲突,要么旨在加强规范目标,以便人们采取有利于环境的行动,即使这可能会降低他们享乐或收益目标的实现。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Intrinsic motivation, norms and environmental behaviour : The dynamics of overarching goals
The understanding, prediction, and encouragement of pro-environmental behaviour (i.e., behaviour that impacts the environment as little as possible) depend to a large extent on understanding the motivational dynamics of pro-environmental behaviour. In this review paper, we discuss the state of the art with regard to these dynamics. We explain the importance of three types of goals underlying behaviour: the hedonic goal to feel good, the gain goal to enhance one's resources, and the normative goal to act appropriately. The strength of these goals differs across situation, which affects which aspects in the situation people attend to, how they evaluate these aspects, and which choices they make. We describe factors affecting the strength of goals, and how the normative goal to act appropriately can be strengthened so as to encourage sustained pro-environmental actions. More specifically, we propose that values affect the chronic strength of goals. Besides, various situational factors can affect the strength of goals in a particular situation. These situational factors explain why people do not have stable preferences and why they do not always act upon the values they prioritise. Finally, we discuss strategies that can be employed to encourage pro-environmental actions. These strategies are either aimed at reducing the conflict between different goals by aligning the hedonic and/or gain goal with the normative goal, or at strengthening the normative goal so that people will act pro-environmentally even though this may reduce the realisation of their hedonic or gain goals.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
2.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
3
期刊介绍: Environmental and resource economics has become a broad topic making connections with many other subdisciplines in economics as well as the natural and physical sciences. It has also experience a significant growth in research such that the literature is exploding in terms of the number of topics addressed, the number of methodological approaches being applied and the sheer number of articles being written. Coupled with the high degree of specialization that characterizes modern academic research, this proliferation of topics and methodologies makes it impossible for anyone, even those who specialize in the subject, to keep up with developments in the field.
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