肠道生态系统的分子特征和益处

M. Blaut
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引用次数: 2

摘要

居住在人体胃肠道的微生物群落对宿主生理有重要影响。通过饮食干预来操纵这个复杂的生态系统需要了解影响其组成和活动的参数。最近的发展利用了不依赖培养的分子方法,在16S rRNA高度区分序列数据库的基础上进行细菌鉴定。这种与培养无关的方法被应用于评估来自不同欧洲国家的人类受试者的粪便微生物群与营养的关系。在两项人体研究中的一项中,人们观察到水果和蔬菜的摄入量与瘦梭菌群细菌的比例呈正相关。在第二项研究中,意大利研究组中双歧杆菌的相对比例远高于其他任何研究组。这一发现与摄入水溶性纤维呈正相关。肠道细菌也在植物源性多酚物质(如木脂素和类黄酮)的激活和失活中发挥作用。为了评估细菌代谢对黄酮类化合物在人体肠道内生物利用度的影响,我们使用了两种模式生物来表征黄酮类化合物与黄酮醇的转化。木脂素需要肠道细菌的激活才能发挥雌激素和抗氧化活性。分离了几种参与木脂素活化的细菌,并对其催化步骤进行了表征。结果表明,膳食木脂素的激活涉及系统发育多样性的细菌,其中大多数是人类肠道优势菌群的共同成员。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Molecular Characterization and Benefits of the Intestinal Ecosystem
The microbial community resident in the human gastrointestinal tract has a major impact on host physiology. Manipulating this complex ecosystem by dietary intervention requires knowledge of the parameters that influence its composition and the activity. More recent developments have taken advantage of culture-independent molecular methods for bacterial identification on the basis of the highly discriminatory sequence database of 16S rRNA. This culture-independent approach was applied to asses the fecal microbiota of human subjects from different European countries in relation to nutrition. In one of two human studies, a positive correlation was observed between the intake of fruits and vegetables and the proportion of bacteria belonging to the Clostridium leptum group. In the second study, the relative proportion of bifidobacteria was much higher in the Italian study group than in any other study group. This finding correlated positively with a consumption of water-soluble fiber. Intestinal bacteria also play a role in the activation and inactivation of plant-derived polyphenolic substances such as lignans and flavonoids. To assess the influence of bacterial metabolism on the bioavailability of flavonoids in the human intestinal tract, two model organisms were used to characterize the transformation of flavones in comparison to that of flavonols. Lignans require activation by intestinal bacteria to exert estrogenic and antioxidant activities. Several bacterial species involved in lignan activation were isolated and the catalytic steps involved were characterized. The results indicate that the activation of dietary lignans involves phylogenetically diverse bacteria, most of which are common members of the dominant human intestinal microbiota.
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