支持残疾人撤离——组织和技术挑战

Paweł Florek, Tomasz Kołodziejczyk
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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的:本出版物的目的是介绍有关各种残疾人士撤离条件的最重要方面-从行动问题到在威胁事件中感知能力下降,并指出在法律法规方面最重要的挑战,以及确保有效撤离残疾人的组织和技术条件。导言:在规划从公共设施疏散时,残疾人是一个需要特别考虑的群体,因为根据他们功能障碍的类型和程度,他们中的许多人将无法自己从危险区域撤离。最高审计署驻波兹纳瓦代表团于2019年进行的检查证实,有必要调整这方面的适用法律法规(在实践中,包括消防安全指示、疏散计划、工作人员培训和为设施配备足够的设备,以支持残疾人的疏散)。除了法律和技术方面之外,有效疏散残疾人的一个非常重要的因素是在某一设施内采取的组织性解决办法,这种办法应考虑到某一设施的个别特殊性(结构)和功能。方法论:作为研究过程的一部分,采用了理论研究,如:文献和法律文件分析,综合,概括,推理,比较和类比。在研究过程中,分析了国内和国外(来自美国和英国)的资料。在选择个别国家时,参考了这些国家为支持在生命或健康受到威胁的情况下撤离残疾人而采取的解决办法的发展水平,以及数据来源的可得性。结论:对从公用事业建筑中疏散残疾人的条件进行的分析显示了该国的立法者和设施管理人员在这一领域以及应急服务方面面临的挑战。后者- -与残疾人一样- -是救援行动法律和战术领域所期望的变化的系统受益者,从设施中发生事件时有人无法自行撤离时发出警报的那一刻起。将在其他国家得到验证的良好做法引入共同应用,应能显著改善救援行动。预期的效果将是缩短向所有在紧急情况下无法自行撤离的人提供帮助的时间——无论他们的人数,以及发生生命或健康威胁情况的公共设施的类型和特殊性。关键词:残疾人疏散,公用事业建筑,智能建筑,建模与计算机模拟,个体疏散方案
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Supporting Evacuation of Disabled People – Organizational and Technological Challenges
Aim: The aim of this publication is to present the most important aspects concerning the conditions for evacuation of people with various types of disabilities – from mobility problems, to reduced perception in the event of a threat, and to indicate the most important challenges both in terms of legal regulations, as well as organizational and technological conditions for ensuring effective evacuation of disabled people. Introduction: People with disabilities are a group that requires special consideration when planning evacuation from public utility facilities, because many of these people – depending on the type and degree of their dysfunction – will not be able to evacuate from the danger zone on their own. The inspection carried out in 2019 by the Delegation of the Supreme Audit Office in Poznań confirmed the need to adapt the applicable legal regulations in this regard (in practice, fire safety instructions, evacuation plans, staff training and equipping facilities with adequate equipment supporting the evacuation of people with disabilities) [1]. In addition to legal and technological aspects, a very important factor in the effective evacuation of disabled people are organizational solutions adopted in a given facility, which should take into account the individual specificity (cubature) and functions of a given facility. Methodology: As part of the research process, theoretical research was used, such as: analysis of literature and legal documents, synthesis, general- ization, inference, comparison and analogy. During the research, national and foreign sources (from the United States and Great Britain) were analyzed. The selection of individual countries was guided by the level of development of the solutions adopted in these countries dedicated to supporting the evacuation of disabled people in a situation of threat to their life or health, as well as the availability of data sources. Conclusions: The presented analysis of the conditions for the evacuation of people with disabilities from public utility buildings shows the challenges that both the legislator and managers of facilities in the country face in this area, as well as the emergency services. The latter – similarly to people with disabilities – are the systemic beneficiaries of the desired changes in the area of law and tactics of rescue operations, from the moment of alerting about an event in the facility where there are people who are unable to evacuate themselves. Introducing good practices, verified in other countries, into common application, should significantly improve rescue operations. The expected effect will be to shorten the time of providing help to all people unable to evacuate themselves in an emergency – regardless of their number, as well as the type and specificity of the public facility in which the life or health threatening situation occurred. Keywords: evacuation of disabled people, public utility buildings, intelligent construction, modelling and computer simulations, individual evacuation plan Type of article: review article
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