森林-粮食关系:人类福祉和造林的热门机会

P. Corona, A. Cutini, U. Chiavetta, E. Paoletti
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引用次数: 11

摘要

到2050年,人口将超过90亿,人们对森林与粮食关系的兴趣正在上升。森林在粮食生产和营养方面发挥着重要作用。森林可以提供营养均衡的饮食、用于烹饪的木材燃料和广泛的生态系统服务。大量证据建议采用多功能综合景观方法来重新构想林业和农业系统。在这里,在对过去十年中关于森林在粮食安全全球紧急情况方面的作用的文献进行评论讨论之后,我们总结了意大利的最新情况,作为具有代表性的国家案例研究。其目的是提高对意大利森林栽培潜力的认识,将生态恢复力与经济恢复力结合起来,并通过在国家一级可持续加强森林管理来减少热带和亚热带森林的压力。虽然意大利非木材林产品难以量化,但这一部门对意大利生物经济的潜力相对较高。意大利是欧洲四大软木塞出口国之一,是栗子加工的三大国家之一,是野生蘑菇的主要出口国之一,同时它是全球五大单宁进口商中唯一的欧洲国家。为了发展食品工业的这一部门,需要对非木材林产品、生产规模、新兴市场、营销和生产创新进行更多的研究。另一方面,供应链的碎片化、土地所有者的惰性以及缺乏治理和合作可能会阻碍对非木材产品的有效开发。可持续地加强森林管理可能会重新推动木材和非木材产品的开发。保证有效供应非木材产品的战略需要适当的商业技能和有组织的商业服务。透明的市场也是必不可少的。因此,引入标准(如森林认证计划的标准)非常重要。它们可以增加产品的价值,并强调森林部门的重要性和复杂性。但是,为有效供应非木材产品而实施可持续森林管理受到是否有适当规划工具的影响,公职人员需要一种新的思维方式来刺激和支持森林所有者的商业能力。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Forest-food nexus: a topical opportunity for human well-being and silviculture
As population will reach over 9 billion by 2050, interest in the forest-food nexus is rising. Forests play an important role in food production and nutrition. Forests can provide nutritionally-balanced diets, woodfuel for cooking and a broad set of ecosystem services. A large body of evidence recommends multi-functional and integrated landscape approaches to reimagine forestry and agriculture systems. Here, after a commented discussion of the literature produced in the last decade about the role for forests with respect to the food security global emergency, we summarize the state of the art in Italy as a representative country-case-study. The aim is to increase awareness about the potential of silviculture in Italy for combining ecological resilience with economic resilience, and reducing the pressure over tropical and sub-tropical forests by means of a sustainable intensification of forest management at national level. Although a quantification of the Italian non-wood forest products is difficult, the potential of this sector for the Italian bioeconomy is relatively high. Italy is among the four top European exporters of cork stoppers, is one of the three top countries for chestnut seed processing, and is among the leading exporters of wild mushroom, while it is the only European country among the top five global importers of tannins. In order to develop this sector for the food industry, more research is needed on non-wood forest products, the scale of production, emerging markets, marketing and production innovation. On the other hand, chain-supply fragmentation, landowner inertia, and lack of governance and cooperation may hamper an effective exploitation of non-wood products. A renewed joint impulse for exploitation of wood and non-wood products may come from a sustainable intensification of forest management. The strategies to guarantee an effective supply of non-wood products require appropriate business skills and the presence of a structured business services. A transparent market is also essential. Therefore, the introduction of standards (like those by forest certification schemes) is very important. They can add value to products and emphasize the importance and complexity of the forest sector. However, the implementation of sustainable forest management for an effective supply of non-wood products is affected by the availability of appropriate planning tools, and the public officers need a new mindset to stimulate and support business capacity of forest owners.
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来源期刊
Annals of Silvicultural Research
Annals of Silvicultural Research Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Forestry
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2.70
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