森林树种的边缘/边缘种群及其保护状况:波罗的海地区报告

M. Rusanen, T. Myking
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引用次数: 0

摘要

波罗的海地区在本报告中包括芬诺斯坎迪亚(挪威、瑞典、芬兰、丹麦)、波罗的海国家(爱沙尼亚、拉脱维亚、立陶宛)和波兰。该地区在森林历史、森林政策、森林经济以及气候和森林生长条件方面具有相当的异质性。波罗的海地区的气候是凉爽的,但仍然受到沿斯堪的纳维亚西海岸的湾流的极大影响,导致夏季比纬度预期的要温暖得多,冬季要温和得多。与气候变化相关的变暖预计将在冬季和高纬度地区尤为明显。沿海地区降水可能显著增加。随着气温升高,预计大陆地区春季霜冻和干旱事件的频率将增加。植被和森林类型是异质性的。芬诺斯坎迪亚有很大比例的北方植被,其中针叶林占主导地位,中欧常见的许多阔叶非常罕见和分散。在波罗的海地区,最明显的边缘人口是那些分布在其北部边缘的人口。分布范围受到不同因素的限制,如冬季温度低、生长或种子成熟的生长季节短、土壤类型和人类影响。碎片化可能限制林分之间的基因流动,一些种群也表现出轻微的近亲繁殖。该地区各国在主要MCPFE类别中共同保护了490万公顷。该地区的北部似乎更重视自然保护,不采取干预措施,而南部则强调通过积极管理来保护。波罗的海区域各国已在欧洲森林遗传资源信息系统(欧洲森林遗传资源信息系统)共上传了1172个就地遗传保护单位。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Marginal/peripheral populations of forest tree species and their conservation status: report for Baltic region
The Baltic region includes in this report Fennoscandia (Norway, Sweden, Finland, Denmark), the Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania) and Poland. This region is fairly heterogeneous as regards forest history, forest policy, forest economy as well as climate and conditions for forest growth. The climate of the Baltic region is cool, but still drastically modified by the Gulfstream which skirts the western coast of Scandinavia, giving rise to much warmer summers and milder winters than expected based on the latitude. The warming associated with climate change is expected to be particularly pronounced in winter and at high latitudes. In coastal areas precipitation may increase notably. With elevated temperature, the frequency of both spring frost and drought events is predicted to increase in continental parts. The vegetation and forest types are heterogeneous. Fennoscandia has a large proportion of boreal vegetation where coniferous forests dominate and many broadleaves common in Central Europe are rare and scattered.  In the Baltic region the most distinct marginal populations are those at the northern fringe of their distribution.  The distribution ranges are limited by a combination of different factors such as low winter temperatures, short growing season either for growth or for seed maturation, soil types and human influence. Fragmentation may limit gene flow between stands, and some populations also show slight inbreeding. The countries in the region have protected jointly 4,9 M ha in the main MCPFE categories. The northern part of the region seems to put more weight on nature conservation through no intervention whereas the southern part emphasizes conservation through active management. The countries of the Baltic region have uploaded altogether 1'172 in situ genetic conservation units in the European Information System on Forest Genetic Resources (EUFGIS).
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来源期刊
Annals of Silvicultural Research
Annals of Silvicultural Research Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Forestry
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2.70
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