THE EFFECT OF SOY PROTEIN WITH LOW CALORIE DIET ON BLOOD LIPIDS IN HYPERLIPIDEMIC TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS

The effect of soy protein with low calorie diet on blood lipids in hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetic patients was studied. Thirty-two subjects of both sexes, age range 25–65 years, were distributed in 16 cases and 16 controls. All subjects received a low calorie diet based on 1,400 kcal energy, 27% fat, 21% protein and 52% carbohydrate from a registered dietitian for 4 weeks. In addition to a low calorie diet, the case group received soy protein (30 g/d). Both groups significantly lost weight (P < 0.001). Body mass index, waist and hip circumferences were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) after 4 weeks of treatment. The difference between the groups was insignificant. In all subjects who were fasting, blood sugar significantly decreased (P < 0.001). Soy protein was associated with a significant reduction in serum triacylglycerols (24.8%, P < 0.05), whereas an insignificant reduction was seen in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (7.1 and 3.1%, respectively). No significant change occurred in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Serum lipid abnormalities are an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease in diabetic patients. Because of the side effects of long-term medications in these patients, soy protein, as a part of healthy diet, may improve their lipid profile.