Presentation of spatial information in navigation aids for the visually impaired

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present some guidelines on how different means of information presentation can be used when conveying spatial information non-visually. The aim is to further the understanding of the qualities navigation aids for visually impaired individuals should possess. Design/methodology/approach – A background in non-visual spatial perception is provided, and existing commercial and non-commercial navigation aids are examined from a user interaction perspective, based on how individuals with a visual impairment perceive and understand space. Findings – The discussions on non-visual spatial perception and navigation aids lead to some user interaction design suggestions. Originality/value – This paper examines navigation aids from the perspective of non-visual spatial perception. The presented design suggestions can serve as basic guidelines for the design of such solutions.