[Psychiatric nursing].

95 Leila Norouzi Panahi, Problems of parent-adolescent relationships / dx.doi.org/10.14744/phd.2022.38159 [6] The negative relationship between adolescents and parents that can be caused by the age-related conditions of adolescents can arouse conflicts in the family or disrupt family function, emotional bonds, and relationships among siblings.[7] A key element in psychological development is parent–child relationship, and many studies have shown that suboptimal parenting is a major risk factor for psychological disorders in the representative community and clinical samples.[8,9] The conflict between adolescents and parents is associated with inconsistencies in adolescents, such as unacceptable behaviors, depression, behavioral problems at school, self-esteem problems, and lower academic performance.[7,10] Studies in Iran have shown that several behavioral and emotional problems exist in adolescents. Mohammadi et al. [11] (2013) investigated the prevalence of mental health problems in 5,171 adolescents from 5 different provinces of Iran, with conduct problems having the highest percentage followed by social problems (5.76%) of mental health issues among Iranian students’ other problems include hyperactivity problems (13.95%), problems with peers (7.25%), overall criteria on problems (14.26%). Furthermore, they reported that the prevalence of mental health issues was higher in male than in female adolescents, which is consistent with global reports. Accordingly, behavioral problems in adolescence are influenced by parent–adolescent relationships and family functions, which may result in emotional, physiological, and social disorders. [7] Behavioral problems occurring in infancy and adolescence (particularly external problems such as substance use and violence) can be extended throughout adulthood and associated with social nonadaptation, drug abuse, and conflicts. [12] Parent–child social interactions mostly affect emotion regulation and one’s ability to recognize their emotions, so that it modulates one’s emotions throughout childhood and adolescence.[13] For example, the guidance, emotional support, and warmth experienced during parent–adolescent interaction are indicative of more effective adolescent emotion regulation skills and a lower level of internalizing and externalizing symptoms.[14] Several studies have demonstrated that parents who can provide warmth, autonomy, and structure facilitate adolescents’ adaptation and well-being.[15,16] Prioritizing adolescents and providing them with optimal services is a way to guarantee health in the family and new generations. Plans to provide medical and psychological services to highly vulnerable groups, such as adolescents, require parents’ views and experiences to be identified and interpreted as a key part of adolescents’ upbringing. Therefore, this qualitative study investigated parents’ relationship problems with their adolescent children, reflecting the effects of the factors constituting the goal of the study. The following research question was developed to guide the study: What are the relationship problems between parents and adolescents? Materials and Method Population and Sample The participants were parents with children aged 11–16 years. Parents with parenting concerns and had agreed to voluntarily take part in the study were included. A purposive sample of 30 parents from four healthcare centers, which are the most crowded with the diversity of population and had suitable facilities in Tabriz, Iran, took part in the study . In healthcare centers, telephone calls were made from the list of included families with adolescents (aged 11 to 16 years) and whose identities were registered in the integrated health system. If parents had problems in their interactions with their adolescent children and had agreed to voluntarily participate in the study, they were invited for an interview in the mental health unit of these centers. Because the greater trust of parents in the confidentiality of interviews and convenience through healthcare centers than schools, sampling was performed in these centers. Sampling was continued until data saturation. For interview with counselors, two private and two public schools in the same region of the healthcare centers were selected. Data Collection Procedure This qualitative study was conducted via content analysis from November 2018 to January 2019 in Tabriz, Iran. The required data was collected through a face-to-face semistructured interview in Türkiye-Azari. The probe questions were what, what does that mean to you, why, could you give examples, and explain more. The interview was started with an open-ended question (i.e., Explain how you feel about your parenting problems. What problems arise in your interactions with your teenage child?). In the next step, the interviews continued based on the participants’ responses to each question and their behaviors. With the participants’ permission, the interviews were voice-recorded and lasted 30–45 min each. The key points in the interviews were summarized, and the participants were asked to elucidate the issues detected in the interviews. In addition to the interviews, field notes were What is presently known on this subject? • Adolescence is characterized by a key adjustment period for teens and their families. Studies have demonstrated that behavioral problems in adolescence are affected by parent–adolescent relationship and family function and may result in physiological, emotional, and social disorders. This study was conducted to investigate factors in the development of interactive problems among parents and adolescents, which in the literature have not been found on parents’ deep perception of the factors involved in the creation of problems between them. What does this article add to the existing knowledge? • This study demonstrates the interactive factors that create problems between parents and adolescents, which suggest that strategies are required in planning and running educational programs to modify these factors. Furthermore, it is thought that the findings of the study will contribute to the literature. What are the implications for practice? • This study highlights the interactive factors that create problems between parents and adolescents and the use of this information by psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners who have the opportunity, as well as the ethical and professional obligations, to play a leading role in improving child and adolescent mental health. 96 Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Dergisi Journal of Psychiatric Nursing taken, and nonverbal data (such as tone and behavior) was recorded to create a comprehensive dataset for the investigation of the different dimensions of this phenomenon. After 27 interviews, when through the course of interviewing, was noticed the same information coming out, repeatedly data saturation was realized and three extra interviews to ensure the lack of new data were performed afterward. The interviews were transcribed verbatim on the same day.