论危险标示的强度和有效性

T. Scheffers, Blandine Doornaert, Nathalie Berne, G. V. van Breukelen, A. Leplay, E. Van Miert
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引用次数: 8

摘要

危害分级(HB)是根据化学物质的危害分类,将化学物质划分为健康危害增加的波段的过程。最近的管制标签(CB)工具使用联合国全球协调制度(UN GHS)或欧洲联盟分类、标签和包装(EU CLP)的分类,这些分类分为5个HBs。在世界范围内,对无职业暴露限值(OELV)的物质进行风险控制的使用日趋广泛。众所周知的hb -工具,如HSE-COSHH Essentials, BAuA-Einfaches Maßnahmenkonzept Gefahrstoffe (EMKG)和dguv -IFA- spaltenmodel (IFA)使用不同的GHS/CLP分组,这可能导致不同的HBs和单个物质的控制制度。由于CB工具的选择似乎是由地理位置和/或当地状况决定的,这些差异可能会阻碍全球统一的HSE方法。因此,三个公共CB和一个名为“职业暴露带”(S-OEB)的公司内部CB的hb引擎相互比较,并将其与OELV的关系列为“事实上的”标准。这是调查图形和使用5强度指标,统计方法。使用了229种具有高质量GHS/CLP分类和oelv的物质的数据集。与S-OEB和COSHH相关的HB浓度范围根据相应的OELV分布进行验证。四个hb发动机将229种物质中的23%至64%分配到同一波段。其余的物质至少有一个波段不同,IFA将更多的物质置于更高的危险波段,EMKG则相反,COSHH和S-OEB介于两者之间。S-OEB、IFA和EMGK hb -发动机的综合强度得分高于COSHH,其中S-OEB的综合强度得分最高。S-OEB 3个“最高”危险带的浓度范围的下限与从物质数据集中获得的相应OELV分布的第10个百分位数很好地吻合。COSHH浓度范围的下限符合粉尘/气溶胶COSHH OELV分布的第10个百分位数,但不符合蒸汽/气体物质。S-OEB和COSHH浓度范围都低估了OELV分布的总宽度,该分布可以跨越2-3个数量级。由于S-OEB hb发动机的性能符合我们的标准,至少与公共发动机一样好,它将被用作索尔维全球业务的标准。此外,本文描述的用于评估HB引擎强度及其相应浓度范围的有效性的方法是促进HB进一步发展和全球校准的有用工具。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
On the Strength and Validity of Hazard Banding
Hazard Banding (HB) is a process of allocating chemical substances in bands of increasing health hazard based on their hazard classifications. Recent Control Banding (CB) tools use the classifications of the United Nations Global Harmonized System (UN GHS) or the European Union Classifications, Labelling and Packaging (EU CLP) which are grouped over 5 HBs. The use of CB is growing worldwide for the risk control of substances without an Occupational Exposure Limit Value (OELV). Well-known CB-tools like HSE-COSHH Essentials, BAuA-Einfaches Maßnahmenkonzept Gefahrstoffe (EMKG), and DGUV-IFA-Spaltenmodell (IFA) use however different GHS/CLP groupings which may lead to dissimilar HBs and control regimes for individual substances. And as the choice for a CB tool seems to be determined by geography and/or local status these differences may hamper a global, aligned HSE approach. Therefore, the HB-engines of the three public CBs and an in-company (Solvay) CB called ‘Occupational Exposure Banding’ (S-OEB) were compared mutually and ranked in their relation with the OELV as the ‘de facto’ standard. This was investigated graphically and using a 5 strength indicator, statistical method. A data set of 229 substances with high-quality GHS/CLP classifications and OELVs was used. HB concentration ranges, as linked to S-OEB and COSHH, were validated against the corresponding OELV distributions. The four HB-engines allocate between 23 and 64% of the 229 substances in the same bands. The remaining substances differ at least one band, with IFA placing more substances in a higher hazard band, EMKG doing the opposite and COSHH and S-OEB in between. The overall strength scores of S-OEB, IFA, and EMGK HB-engines are higher than COSHH, with S-OEB having the highest overall strength score. The lower ends of the concentration ranges defined for the 3 ‘highest’ hazard bands of S-OEB were in good agreement with the 10th percentiles of the corresponding OELV distributions obtained from the substance data set. The lower ends of the COSHH concentration ranges comply with the 10th percentiles of the COSHH OELV distributions for dust/aerosol but not for vapour/gas substances. Both the S-OEB and COSHH concentration ranges underestimate the overall width of the OELV distributions that can span 2–3 orders of magnitude. As the performance of the S-OEB HB-engine meets our criteria of being at least as good as the public engines, it will be used as a standard within Solvay’s global operations. In addition, the method described here to evaluate the strength of HB-engines and the validity of their corresponding concentration ranges is a useful tool enabling further developments and worldwide alignment of HB.
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