The use of point prevalence surveys of healthcare-associated infection to identify risk factors and facilitate infection prevention and control planning

Background

Healthcare-associated infections contribute greatly to the global burden of morbidity and mortality in relation to infectious disease. Consequences impact on individuals, populations and health services. Surveillance of infection provides the information to lead infection prevention activities. However, surveillance can require a significant resource investment by healthcare organisations. Point prevalence surveys of healthcareassociated infections are a useful surveillance methodology where resources are limited. Findings provide information in relation to infection and also in relation to patient risk factors.

Methods

Repeated point prevalence surveys were implemented over 4 years in 2006–09 in a 345-bed acute private hospital in the Republic of Ireland. Each annual survey followed an unchanged methodology and the data were collected and analysed by the infection prevention and control team.

Results

The prevalence of hospital-acquired infection ranged from 1.1% to 4.4% with a mean value of 3.2% (CI: 2.09–4.62). Mean prevalence of invasive devices was as follows: peripheral venous catheters: 61.3%; urinary catheters: 19.4%; and central venous catheters: 3.9%. The findings of the studies indicated the high prevalence of risk factors associated with invasive devices, particularly peripheral venous catheters. The results supported the introduction of a bundled approach to patient care in relation to invasive devices. This integrated the use of ‘care bundles’ or checklists into daily patient care and management.

Conclusion

A multidisciplinary approach incorporating ward staff in relation to documentation and auditing of compliance with the bundle has increased awareness regarding the risks of invasive devices and the importance of infection prevention strategies.