Platelet concentrates in periodontics: review of in vivo studies and systematic reviews

Clot formation is the first step of the healing process, and clinical procedures always find ways to stabilize this clot better. Platelets play a significant role in clot formation, and Platelet Concentrates (Pc) are an abundant reservoir of platelets. This article aims to review the in vitro research and systematic reviews on PCs that are currently available. Broadly, PCs mainly include Platelet-rich plasma and platelet-rich fibrin. PCs are an excellent source for growth factors such as PDGF-AA, TGF β1, VEGF, EGF, and IGF. Numerous systematic reviews and meta-analyses have analyzed the clinical application of PCs in various periodontal procedures. In alveolar ridge preservation, PCs are known to reduce postoperative pain, edema, trismus, and inflammation. PRF had shown significant improvement in achieving root coverage and recession depth reduction. PCs exhibited a positive influence on CAL gain when used as an adjunct to OFD in treating infra-bony defects. Pcs have a positive effect on bone maturation in the short term. Besides, PCs can be used in regenerative endodontics, treatment of medication-related osteoradionecrosis of Jaw (MRONJ), and accelerating tooth movement. In conclusion, PCs positively affect soft tissue healing, while their role in hard tissue healing is still unclear.