超声基本原理及其在新冠肺炎大流行中的应用

Q4 Medicine
E. Chan, N. Desai, F. Elwen, M. Trauer, H. Mulrenan
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引用次数: 0

摘要

鉴于超声在医疗保健中的应用越来越多,操作人员必须熟悉其物理特性,以便优化图像并解释潜在的伪影。超声波是频率高于人类听觉范围的声波,由具有压电特性的超声波换能器发射和接收。当它通过组织传播时,一些超声波在组织边界被反射,导致超声波换能器检测到它。这些被超声机器处理并产生图像。可以调整各种设置以优化图像,例如传输超声波的频率,焦点区域的深度和增益。伪影是在超声机器的显示器上被添加、省略或与真实解剖特征相比亮度、位置、形状和大小不适当的表现。它可能导致错误地感知物体,丢失结构或降低图像。在肺部超声中这些伪影的存在或不存在对所得到的图像的解释是有价值的。在COVID-19的背景下,肺部超声在评估疾病进展和在临床决策中提供即时放射辅助方面变得越来越有用。©世界麻醉师协会联合会2022。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Basic principles of ultrasound and the use of lung ultrasound in the COVID-19 pandemic
Given that ultrasound use is increasing in healthcare, operators must be familiar with its physics in order to optimise the image and interpret potential artifacts. Ultrasound are sound waves at frequencies above the range of human hearing, that are transmitted from and received by an ultrasound transducer with piezoelectric properties. As it propagates through tissues, some of the ultrasound waves are reflected at tissue boundaries, leading to its detection by the ultrasound transducer. These are processed by the ultrasound machine and result in the generation of an image. Various settings can be adjusted to optimise the image, such as the frequency of the transmitted ultrasound wave, depth of the focal zone and the gain. Artifacts are presentations on the monitor of the ultrasound machine which are added, omitted, or are of improper brightness, location, shape, and size compared with true anatomical features. It can result in falsely perceived objects, missing structures or degraded images. The presence or absence of such artifacts in lung ultrasound can be valuable in the interpretation of the resulting image. In the setting of COVID-19, lung ultrasound has become increasingly useful in evaluating disease progression and providing a point-of-care radiological adjunct in clinical decision making. © World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists 2022.
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来源期刊
Update in Anaesthesia
Update in Anaesthesia Medicine-Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
CiteScore
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