卡尔·马克思与美国内战的全球史:奴隶运动、工人阶级斗争和世界市场中的美国

IF 0.5 3区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY
M. Battistini
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文将马克思关于美国的著作片段拼接在一起,这些片段分散在报纸文章、信件、笔记、早期著作的一些离题内容、经济学手稿和《资本论》(1867)中。本书的主要目的是表明,我们可以称之为“全球内战史”的东西是从他的笔下出现的:一部全球历史不仅在地理意义上是全球性的,也就是说,因为它将欧洲的空间从大西洋扩展到太平洋,而且还因为它在资本主义历史中所具有的一般意义。这篇文章强调了内战如何开启了马克思的解放问题,他对阶级斗争的看法和他对工人阶级的看法,以及黑人无产阶级与白人工人阶级的斗争相互作用的存在,后者直到那时一直是他工作的主要焦点。它还强调了大西洋两岸的劳工——奴隶和自由人,黑人和白人——的不同和脱节的声音是如何影响内战的革命性转变的:插入了一个“革命性的转折”,我们可以称之为南北政治冲突的“漫长的宪法历史”,改变了国家的经济和社会形态。更重要的是,这篇文章重建了所谓的“国家时刻”,它与“漫长的宪法历史”和内战的“革命转向”纠缠在一起。当跨国要求从奴隶制和雇佣劳动中解放出来的呼声影响到工业资本的跨国积累过程时,美国成为了世界市场的参与者:它的金融和财政政策在社会上与工业资本的政府联系在一起。在这个意义上,正如文章在结论中强调的那样,马克思有效地起草了“内战的全球历史”,概述了理论和政治假设,这些假设构成了他在《资本论》中成熟反思的基础:“劳动解放”应该被视为一个全球问题,“既不是一个地方的,也不是一个国家的,而是一个社会问题。”
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Karl Marx and the Global History of the Civil War: The Slave Movement, Working-Class Struggle, and the American State within the World Market
Abstract This essay stitches together the fragments of Marx's work on the United States that are scattered in newspaper articles, letters, notes, in some digressions in his early writings, in his economic manuscripts and in Capital (1867). The main aim is to show that what we can call a “global history of the Civil War” emerges from his pen: a history that is global not simply in a geographical sense, that is, because it expands the European space beyond the Atlantic and towards the Pacific, but also because of the general meaning it takes on in the history of capitalism. The essay highlights how the Civil War opened the Marxian issue of emancipation, his vision of class struggle and his view of the working class, to the presence of a black proletariat that interacted with the struggle of the white working classes, the latter of which until then had been the main focus of his work. It also highlights how the different and disarticulated voices of labor – slave and free, black and white – on both sides of the Atlantic effected a revolutionary shift in the Civil War: interjecting a “revolutionary turn” into what we can call the “long constitutional history” of the political conflict between North and South that changed the economic and social shape of the nation. More importantly, the essay reconstructs what can be termed the “state moment,” which was entangled with the “long constitutional history” and the “revolutionary turn” of the Civil War. As the transnational calls for emancipation from slavery and wage labor impacted the transnational processes of accumulation of industrial capital, the American state became a player in the world market: its financial and fiscal policies became socially linked to the government of industrial capital. In this sense, as the essay underlines in the conclusion, the “global history of the Civil War” that Marx effectively drafted, outlined the theoretical and political hypothesis that formed the basis of his mature reflection in the pages of Capital: the “emancipation of labour” should be thought of as a global issue, “neither a local nor a national, but a social problem.”
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
10
期刊介绍: ILWCH has an international reputation for scholarly innovation and quality. It explores diverse topics from globalisation and workers’ rights to class and consumption, labour movements, class identities and cultures, unions, and working-class politics. ILWCH publishes original research, review essays, conference reports from around the world, and an acclaimed scholarly controversy section. Comparative and cross-disciplinary, the journal is of interest to scholars in history, sociology, political science, labor studies, global studies, and a wide range of other fields and disciplines. Published for International Labor and Working-Class History, Inc.
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