The nature of the Moho in Australia from reflection profiling: A review

The transition between the crust and mantle across the Australian continent shows considerable variations in both depth and sharpness. Recent extensive seismic reflection profiling provides a comprehensive data set to investigate the nature of the Moho in a wide range of geological environments. In reflection seismology the crust is normally characterized by distinct reflectivity whose base is taken as the location of the reflection Moho. This attribution to the base of the crust ties well to refraction and receiver function studies that make a more direct estimate of the depth to the base of the crust. The character of the reflection Moho varies widely across the Precambrian areas of Australia with no consistent link to the surface geology or the estimated age of the crust. In a number of places a double Moho is preserved with underthrusting, suggesting that the reflection Moho is a very ancient feature (at least 1400 Ma in the Capricorn Orogen). Elsewhere, the current Moho reflects multiple generations of crustal reworking.