天花疫苗对人类猴痘感染的有效性。

IF 4.1 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY
Immunotherapy advances Pub Date : 2023-10-07 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI:10.1093/immadv/ltad020
Melissa M Christodoulidou, Neil A Mabbott
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引用次数: 0

摘要

猴痘病毒(MPXV)在中非和西非的某些国家流行,那里的几种哺乳动物,尤其是啮齿类动物,是天然的宿主。然而,MPXV可以感染非人类灵长类动物,并在与受感染动物密切接触后导致人类人畜共患感染。MPXV的人传人也可通过与受感染个体或受感染材料的直接密切接触发生。2022年5月,英国发现了首批人类猴痘病例,第一例确诊病例是最近前往尼日利亚的患者。感染随后在英国通过人与人之间的传播传播,猴痘病例开始出现在世界上MPXV不是地方病的许多其他国家。目前还没有针对人类MPXV感染的特效治疗方法。然而,1980年代在扎伊尔进行的研究数据显示,在全球根除天花运动期间有天花疫苗接种史的人也对MPXV感染有良好的交叉保护作用。然而,在全球根除运动中使用的疫苗已不复存在。在2022年全球猴痘疫情期间,超过100万剂改良的Ankara-Bavarian Nordic(MVA-BN)天花疫苗被提供给MPXV感染高危人群,作为暴露前或暴露后的预防。在这里,我们回顾了天花疫苗在降低高危密切接触者MPXV感染率方面的疗效。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Efficacy of smallpox vaccines against Mpox infections in humans.

Efficacy of smallpox vaccines against Mpox infections in humans.

Efficacy of smallpox vaccines against Mpox infections in humans.

The Mpox virus (MPXV) is endemic in certain countries in Central and West Africa, where several mammalian species, especially rodents, are natural reservoirs. However, the MPXV can infect nonhuman primates and cause zoonotic infections in humans after close contact with an infected animal. Human-to-human transmission of MPXV can also occur through direct close contact with an infected individual or infected materials. In May 2022 an initial cluster of human Mpox cases was identified in the UK, with the first case confirmed in a patient who had recently travelled to Nigeria. The infection subsequently spread via human-to-human transmission within the UK and Mpox cases began to appear in many other countries around the world where the MPXV is not endemic. No specific treatments for MPXV infection in humans are available. However, data from studies undertaken in Zaire in the 1980s revealed that those with a history of smallpox vaccination during the global smallpox eradication campaign also had good cross-protection against MPXV infection. However, the vaccines used during the global eradication campaign are no longer available. During the 2022 global Mpox outbreak over a million doses of the Modified Vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic (MVA-BN) smallpox vaccine were offered either as pre or postexposure prophylaxis to those at high risk of MPXV infection. Here, we review what has been learned about the efficacy of smallpox vaccines in reducing the incidence of MPXV infections in high-risk close contacts.

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