Isquemia pélvica aguda: uma complicação fatal após tratamento endovascular de aneurisma aorto‐ilíaco com prótese ramificada da ilíaca

Introduction

The occlusion of internal iliac artery may be necessary in Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair (EVAR). The intentional hypogastric occlusion may have several ischemic complications. The Iliac Branch Devices (IBD) are an alternative to hypogastric occlusion in patients at high risk to pelvic ischemia. The authors report a case of early IBD occlusion with serious clinical consequences.

Case Report

A 74‐year‐old man presented a 55‐mm abdominal aortic aneurysm with bilateral involvement of iliac bifurcation and proximal hypogastric arteries (maximum diameter of 31 and 32 mm). He underwent EVAR, left hypogastric revascularization by IBD and coiling + overstenting of contralateral hypogastric. There wasńt intraoperative complications and final angiography showed hypogastric patency and poor pelvic collateral circulation. Postoperatively, the patient complained of bilateral lumbar and gluteal pain and presented with ischemic skin alterations and left lower limb monoparesis. As his clinical state deteriorates in the first 24 hours and computed tomography angiogram revealed left hypogastric stent occlusion, he underwent hypogastric revascularization again with good angiographic results. Despite successful revascularization, there was a progressive clinical deterioration with irreversible pelvic ischemia and rhabdomyolysis. Death on 5th postoperative day.

Conclusion

The acute pelvic ischemia is a serious complication and often a fatal outcome, which may result of bilateral hypogastric artery occlusion. As IBD revascularization failure may be fatal, the authors advise an extra caution in final angiography and a high level of suspicion for postoperative complications. Bilateral hypogastric preservation using IBD may be recommended, if there is a higher risk of technical failure, embolization or poor pelvic collateral circulation.