高山杜鹃灌木昆虫食草动物的强度、频率和速率:海拔模式和叶龄效应

IF 4.6 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, BIOMATERIALS
Guangshuai Cui, Lin Zhang, Wei Shen, Ying Guo, Eryuan Liang
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引用次数: 1

摘要

在全球变暖的情况下,叶片草食性变化的方向和强度仍然存在不确定性。因此,我们沿着海拔梯度对昆虫食草动物进行了调查,以探索树叶食草动物如何利用时空替代方法应对未来的气候变暖。我们假设高山木本物种的叶食草性应该随着海拔的升高而下降。我们还猜测,不同叶龄组的叶食草性可能没有差异,因为老叶的营养成分较低,对昆虫的吸引力较小。为了证实这些断言,我们测量了叶片草食性的不同方面,即强度(每片受损叶片消耗的叶片面积)、频率(受损叶片的百分比)和比率(消耗的叶片区域占叶片总数的百分比),在西藏东南部的色日拉山脉,沿海拔梯度(4280–4640米),对不同叶龄组的阿干杜鹃进行了研究。还研究了1年生叶片的单位面积叶质量(LMA)和氮(Nmass)以及总酚的相关叶片性状。与我们的预期相反,食草动物的比率没有随着海拔的升高而变化,而频率和强度分别反映了增加和减少的模式。LMA和总酚类物质随海拔升高而增加,而Nmass显著下降。进一步分析表明,Nmass和总酚类物质主要解释了草食频率的变化,而Nmass对强度的变化有显著影响。不同叶龄组间的草食性没有差异。我们的研究结果表明,高海拔地区较低的叶食草强度主要与营养水平下降有关,而较高的频率可能与较高的抗食草动物防御(如酚类)和较低的营养水平有关。尽管较老的叶子暴露在食草动物攻击下的时间较长,但它们与当年的叶子具有相同的食草动物水平,部分原因是它们的氮浓度较低。两者都支持营养限制假说,即叶片营养水平较低的植物具有较少的叶片草食性。总之,高山杜鹃的食草动物数量很小,但考虑到在持续变暖条件下较高的食草生物(至少在强度上)及其对介导植物-昆虫相互作用的潜在影响,昆虫食草动物应被纳入气候变化对高山生态系统影响的预测中。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Intensity, frequency and rate of insect herbivory for an alpine Rhododendron shrub: elevational patterns and leaf-age effects

Intensity, frequency and rate of insect herbivory for an alpine Rhododendron shrub: elevational patterns and leaf-age effects

Uncertainty still exists on the directions and intensity of changes in leaf herbivory under scenarios of global warming. We, therefore, conducted an investigation on insect herbivory along an elevational gradient to explore how leaf herbivory may respond to future climate warming using a space-for-time substitution approach. We hypothesize that the leaf herbivory for alpine woody species should decline with elevation. We also guess the leaf herbivory may not differ between different leaf-age groups, for the old leaves are less attractive to insect due to their lower nutrients. To approve these assertions, we measured different aspects of leaf herbivory, i.e., the intensity (leaf area consumed per damaged leaf), frequency (percentage of leaves damaged), and rate (percentage of consumed leaf area over the total number of leaves), across different leaf-age groups for Rhododendron aganniphum var. schizopeplum along an elevational gradient (4280–4640 m) in the Sergymla Mountains, southeast Tibet. Related leaf traits of leaf mass per area (LMA) and nitrogen (Nmass), as well as total phenolics for 1-year-old leaves, were also investigated. In contrast with our expectation, the rate of herbivory did not vary with elevation, while the frequency and intensity reflected increasing and declining patterns, respectively. LMA and total phenolics tended to increase with elevation, while Nmass significantly declined. Further analysis indicated that Nmass and total phenolics mainly explained the variation of frequency of herbivory, while Nmass reflected a significant effect on the variation of intensity. No differences in herbivory were found between the leaf-age groups. Our results suggest that the lower intensity of leaf herbivory at higher elevations is mainly associated with the declined nutritional levels, while the higher frequency might be related to the higher costly anti-herbivore defenses like phenolics and the lower nutritional levels. Although the older leaves are exposed to herbivore attacks for a longer time, they possessed the same herbivory levels as current-year leaves partly due to their lower nitrogen concentrations. Both supporting the nutrient limitation hypothesis, i.e., plants with lower leaf nutrient levels possess less leaf herbivory. In all, the herbivory on the alpine Rhododendron is small in magnitude, but given the higher herbivory (for intensity at least) under persistent warming conditions and its potential impacts on mediating plant–insect interactions, insect herbivory should be included in predictions of climate change impacts on alpine ecosystems.

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来源期刊
ACS Applied Bio Materials
ACS Applied Bio Materials Chemistry-Chemistry (all)
CiteScore
9.40
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2.10%
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