{"title":"印度加尔各答市选定地区PM10颗粒物中水溶性无机离子的定量","authors":"Praveen Tudu, Paramita Sen, Punarbasu Chaudhuri","doi":"10.1007/s41810-022-00158-1","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Several anthropogenic (like industries, vehicles, coal-based thermal power plants, etc.) and natural sources (like lightning, degradation of organic matter, etc.) emit a copious amount of primary gaseous pollutants like Sulphur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>), Nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>) and Ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>), which further contribute in the formation of particulate matters where they are present in the form of water-soluble inorganic ions (WSII) like SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, respectively. To assess the conversion of primary gaseous pollutants into dissolved ions in PM<sub>10</sub>, real-time sampling (24 h average) of PM<sub>10</sub> and primary gaseous pollutants (SO<sub>2</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub>, NH<sub>3</sub>) from September 2021 to March 2022 over 13 highly polluted places in Kolkata were performed. Then PM<sub>10</sub> was quantified using the gravimetric method, while NO<sub>2</sub> and NH<sub>3</sub> were estimated through chemiluminescence and SO<sub>2</sub> was estimated through the fluorescent spectrometric method. Analysis of WSII species in PM<sub>10</sub> was also performed through the spectrophotometric method and then to understand the conversion of the primary gaseous pollutants into WSIIs in PM<sub>10</sub>, sulphur oxidation ratio (SOR) and nitrogen oxidation ratio (NOR) and ammonia conversion ratio (NHR) was calculated. The results showed that NO<sub>2</sub> is the most abundant primary gaseous pollutant in the ambient air of Kolkata [highest in Dumdum (73.6 μgm<sup>−3</sup>)] and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup> is the most abundant WSII in PM<sub>10</sub> of Kolkata [highest in Bansdroni (3.74 μgm<sup>−3</sup>)] and the SOR and NOR values were significantly higher in Bansdroni and NHR was significantly higher in Santoshpur due to presence of optimum meteorological conditions. Lightning is one of the major natural sources of NO<sub><i>x</i></sub>. So, due to lightning, atmospheric NOx level increases which then gets associated with particulate matter, increasing the concentration of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> ion in particulate matter due to gas-particle partitioning. This is indicated by strong linear correlation coefficients (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.746) between a number of flashes on the day of sampling and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> concentration in PM<sub>10</sub> aerosol.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36991,"journal":{"name":"Aerosol Science and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6000,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Quantification of Water-Soluble Inorganic Ions of PM10 Particles in Selected Areas of Kolkata Metropolitan City, India\",\"authors\":\"Praveen Tudu, Paramita Sen, Punarbasu Chaudhuri\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s41810-022-00158-1\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>Several anthropogenic (like industries, vehicles, coal-based thermal power plants, etc.) and natural sources (like lightning, degradation of organic matter, etc.) emit a copious amount of primary gaseous pollutants like Sulphur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>), Nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>) and Ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>), which further contribute in the formation of particulate matters where they are present in the form of water-soluble inorganic ions (WSII) like SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, respectively. To assess the conversion of primary gaseous pollutants into dissolved ions in PM<sub>10</sub>, real-time sampling (24 h average) of PM<sub>10</sub> and primary gaseous pollutants (SO<sub>2</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub>, NH<sub>3</sub>) from September 2021 to March 2022 over 13 highly polluted places in Kolkata were performed. Then PM<sub>10</sub> was quantified using the gravimetric method, while NO<sub>2</sub> and NH<sub>3</sub> were estimated through chemiluminescence and SO<sub>2</sub> was estimated through the fluorescent spectrometric method. Analysis of WSII species in PM<sub>10</sub> was also performed through the spectrophotometric method and then to understand the conversion of the primary gaseous pollutants into WSIIs in PM<sub>10</sub>, sulphur oxidation ratio (SOR) and nitrogen oxidation ratio (NOR) and ammonia conversion ratio (NHR) was calculated. The results showed that NO<sub>2</sub> is the most abundant primary gaseous pollutant in the ambient air of Kolkata [highest in Dumdum (73.6 μgm<sup>−3</sup>)] and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup> is the most abundant WSII in PM<sub>10</sub> of Kolkata [highest in Bansdroni (3.74 μgm<sup>−3</sup>)] and the SOR and NOR values were significantly higher in Bansdroni and NHR was significantly higher in Santoshpur due to presence of optimum meteorological conditions. Lightning is one of the major natural sources of NO<sub><i>x</i></sub>. So, due to lightning, atmospheric NOx level increases which then gets associated with particulate matter, increasing the concentration of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> ion in particulate matter due to gas-particle partitioning. This is indicated by strong linear correlation coefficients (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.746) between a number of flashes on the day of sampling and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> concentration in PM<sub>10</sub> aerosol.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":36991,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Aerosol Science and Engineering\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2022-10-03\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Aerosol Science and Engineering\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"93\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41810-022-00158-1\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"环境科学与生态学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q4\",\"JCRName\":\"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Aerosol Science and Engineering","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41810-022-00158-1","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Quantification of Water-Soluble Inorganic Ions of PM10 Particles in Selected Areas of Kolkata Metropolitan City, India
Several anthropogenic (like industries, vehicles, coal-based thermal power plants, etc.) and natural sources (like lightning, degradation of organic matter, etc.) emit a copious amount of primary gaseous pollutants like Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and Ammonia (NH3), which further contribute in the formation of particulate matters where they are present in the form of water-soluble inorganic ions (WSII) like SO42−, NO3−, NH4+, respectively. To assess the conversion of primary gaseous pollutants into dissolved ions in PM10, real-time sampling (24 h average) of PM10 and primary gaseous pollutants (SO2, NO2, NH3) from September 2021 to March 2022 over 13 highly polluted places in Kolkata were performed. Then PM10 was quantified using the gravimetric method, while NO2 and NH3 were estimated through chemiluminescence and SO2 was estimated through the fluorescent spectrometric method. Analysis of WSII species in PM10 was also performed through the spectrophotometric method and then to understand the conversion of the primary gaseous pollutants into WSIIs in PM10, sulphur oxidation ratio (SOR) and nitrogen oxidation ratio (NOR) and ammonia conversion ratio (NHR) was calculated. The results showed that NO2 is the most abundant primary gaseous pollutant in the ambient air of Kolkata [highest in Dumdum (73.6 μgm−3)] and NO3– is the most abundant WSII in PM10 of Kolkata [highest in Bansdroni (3.74 μgm−3)] and the SOR and NOR values were significantly higher in Bansdroni and NHR was significantly higher in Santoshpur due to presence of optimum meteorological conditions. Lightning is one of the major natural sources of NOx. So, due to lightning, atmospheric NOx level increases which then gets associated with particulate matter, increasing the concentration of NO3− ion in particulate matter due to gas-particle partitioning. This is indicated by strong linear correlation coefficients (R2 = 0.746) between a number of flashes on the day of sampling and NO3− concentration in PM10 aerosol.
期刊介绍：
ASE is an international journal that publishes high-quality papers, communications, and discussion that advance aerosol science and engineering. Acceptable article forms include original research papers, review articles, letters, commentaries, news and views, research highlights, editorials, correspondence, and new-direction columns. ASE emphasizes the application of aerosol technology to both environmental and technical issues, and it provides a platform not only for basic research but also for industrial interests. We encourage scientists and researchers to submit papers that will advance our knowledge of aerosols and highlight new approaches for aerosol studies and new technologies for pollution control. ASE promotes cutting-edge studies of aerosol science and state-of-art instrumentation, but it is not limited to academic topics and instead aims to bridge the gap between basic science and industrial applications. ASE accepts papers covering a broad range of aerosol-related topics, including aerosol physical and chemical properties, composition, formation, transport and deposition, numerical simulation of air pollution incidents, chemical processes in the atmosphere, aerosol control technologies and industrial applications. In addition, ASE welcomes papers involving new and advanced methods and technologies that focus on aerosol pollution, sampling and analysis, including the invention and development of instrumentation, nanoparticle formation, nano technology, indoor and outdoor air quality monitoring, air pollution control, and air pollution remediation and feasibility assessments.
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