Phytochemical and biological studies of betel leaf (Piper betle L.): Review on paradigm and its potential benefits in human health

Betel leaf is a traditional nutritional and medicinal food plant known as Paan. Paan is the name given to the vivid green fresh leaves of the betel vine. The scientific information of betel leaf (Piper betle L) nutrition values and health benefits are crucial for raising betel leaf consumption in daily life. Piper betle L is also known as a Neglected Green Gold of India with a higher nutritional and dietary value such as fiber, vitamins, and minerals. The phytochemistry of betel leaf and ways of extraction, identification and quantification procedures, biological activities, and health issues are all covered in this review study. Regarding the nutritional and therapeutic properties of betel leaf, around 15–20 million people in India take it regularly. Furthermore, several phytochemicals and nutritional components are found in the betel leaf, which is recognized as a bioactive compound (BAC). These compounds have several significant pharmacological properties, in which antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antiulcer, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimutagenic, and antioxidant properties are crucial once.