From iron hooks to moving hands: The evolution of partial hand prostheses—a surgical perspective

Partial hand amputations have profound effects on individuals and are frequently associated with stigma, disability, and perceptions of inadequacy. When reconstructive measures inadequately restore hand form and function, partial hand prostheses may greatly improve independence and identity. Historically, partial hand prostheses were limited to iron hooks and hands, which were largely assistive rather than restorative. However, since the close of World War II, technological advances have dramatically increased the versatility and availability of prosthetic options. Mirroring the rise in prosthetic options, numerous surgical strategies to reconstruct the residuum and facilitate successful prosthetic fittings have been established in recent decades. To assist hand surgeons caring for partial hand amputees, this article provides a historical background of partial hand prostheses, describes the current prosthetic classes, and highlights key techniques that ease device fittings and improve overall hand function with a prosthesis. These orthoplastic concepts, coupled with multidisciplinary collaboration, will likely improve patient outcomes and provide life-restoring solutions for partial hand amputees.