国际刑事法院对非缔约国战时环境损害的起诉

J. Schaffer
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引用次数: 0

摘要

这篇文章提出了一种在国际刑事法院起诉《罗马规约》非国家缔约方战时环境破坏的新方法。目前适用于武装冲突的法律框架存在许多漏洞和弱点,使环境成为沉默的受害者。在国际人道主义法禁止环境破坏之前必须达到的严格门槛未能提供任何真正的保护,特别是在非国际武装冲突中,尽管这种冲突日益普遍。此外,破坏环境在国际法中并没有成为一种独特的罪行;相反,在《罗马规约》中,它被视为其他罪行的物质要素或根本行为。在卷入武装冲突的国家不是《罗马规约》缔约国的情况下,个人似乎可以对冲突期间造成的严重环境损害逍遥法外。这篇文章将说明非国家缔约方的个人如何因环境犯罪而面临刑事责任,因为犯罪的一个要素,即环境破坏,是在缔约国领土上犯下的。这为解决现行法律中的空白提供了一条新颖但有限的途径。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Prosecution of Wartime Environmental Damage by Non-State Parties at the International Criminal Court
This article presents a novel way of prosecuting wartime environmental damage committed by non-state parties to the Rome Statute at the International Criminal Court. The current legal framework applicable during armed conflicts has many gaps and weaknesses, leaving the environment as a silent victim. The stringent threshold that must be met before environmental damage is prohibited under international humanitarian law has failed to offer any real protection, particularly in non-international armed conflicts, despite their growing prevalence. Furthermore, destruction of the environment has not materialised as a distinct crime in international law; rather, it is treated as a material element or underlying act of other crimes in the Rome Statute. Where states involved in armed conflicts are not party to the Rome Statute, individuals can seemingly enjoy impunity for serious environmental harm arising during the conflict. This article will illustrate how individuals from non-state parties could face criminal responsibility for environmental crimes where one element of the crime, namely environmental damage, is committed on the territory of a state party. This offers a novel, albeit limited route for addressing the gaps in the current law.
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