Factores de riesgo asociados a diabetes mellitus gestacional en la región norte de México

Objective

To determine the risk factors associated with gestational diabetes mellitus in northern México.

Diseño

Observational, analytical case-control study.

Site

Family Medicine Unit No. 33 in Reynosa, Tamaulipas, México.

Participants

Pregnant women between 24 to 28 gestational weeks.

Interventions

363 cases and 587 controls underwent a one-step test with an oral intake of 75 grams of glucose with basal determination, at one hour and 2 hours to determine the presence or absence of gestational diabetes. From the electronic medical record; sociodemographic, anthropometric, gynecologic, obstetric, pathological and non-pathological variables were collected.

Main measurements

A univariate exploratory analysis was performed using the sample mean and standard deviation to find out the centrality and dispersion. Subsequently, a bivariate analysis was performed to determine association and correlation of the variables of interest with the presence or absence of gestational diabetes mellitus. Lastly, an integral logistic model was performed with the independent variables to determine its effects and statistical significance.

Results

Age of the cases was 30.46 years, 4 years older than the controls; weight of 78.82 kilograms, 10 kilograms more than controls. Obstetric risk of 6.34 in cases and 4.69 in controls. Age older than 30 years had an OR 5.15 (CI 1.77-15) for gestational diabetes. Overweight OR 4.53 (CI 2.56-8.03), obesity class I OR 10.03 (CI 5.59-18), obesity class II OR 16.11 (CI 8.36-31.04) and obesity class III OR 16.91 (CI 6.86-41.68).

Conclusions

Women with gestational diabetes have a higher age, weight and obstetric risk. The main risk factors associated with gestational diabetes were age and obesity.