巴西当代小说中城市表征的“文化群岛”

François Weigel
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引用次数: 0

摘要

正如安东尼奥·坎迪多所指出的那样,自独立以来,甚至在独立之前,地方主义和世界主义的辩证法,以及民族主义者和世界主义者之间的对立,是构成巴西这样一个国家的精神生活和文学的一个因素。在一个全球化的国家,这种辩证法已经被极其快速的城市化所改变,如今可能比以往任何时候都更强大。这可以在当代文学中看到,在想象的层面上,也可以在代表城市的层面上看到,比如该国北部的马瑙斯(Milton Hatoum的Relato de um certo Oriente)、东北部的累西腓(Ronaldo Correia de Brito的Estive láfora)或中西部的巴西利亚(João Almino的Cidade Livre)。通过这三部小说,本文旨在分析独裁统治结束几年后,在巴西社会发生重大变化的时刻,小说是如何把握地方特色与“全球化”城市之间的联系的。在这种程度上,阅读许多当代城市小说将通过城市的棱镜构建一种巴西及其文化多样性的马赛克。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The “Cultural Archipelago” of Urban Representation in Contemporary Brazilian Novels
The dialectic of localism and cosmopolitanism, with the opposition between nationalists and cosmopolitans, since independence and perhaps even before, is an element that structured the spiritual life and the literature of a country such as Brazil, as it was pointed out by Antonio Candido. This dialectic in a globalized country which had been transformed by an extremely rapid urbanization, nowadays is perhaps stronger than ever. That could be seen in contemporary literature, on the level of the imaginary but also on the level of the representation of cities such as Manaus in the north of the country (Relato de um certo Oriente, by Milton Hatoum), Recife in the northeast (Estive lá fora, by Ronaldo Correia de Brito), or Brasilia in the central west (Cidade Livre, by João Almino). Through these three novels, this essay aims to analyze how a few years after the end of the dictatorship, at a time marked by important changes in Brazilian society, the fiction grasps the articulation between local specificities and the “globalized” city. To that extent, the reading of many urban contemporary fictions will build a kind of mosaic of Brazil and its cultural varieties, through the prism of the city.
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